January 2019 1
American Academy of Audiology Style Guide
Table of Contents
Note: Each section title below is hyperlinked to its location within the document. Hold down
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GENERAL WRITING GUIDELINES (PAGE 2)
ABBREVIATIONS
CAPITALIZATION
FORMAT
About the Author
Figures and Tables
Text Citations
Reference List
Notes
NAMES AND TERMS
Meetings
Organizations
Titles of Works
Web Addresses
NUMBERS
Dates and Times
PUNCTUATION
Apostrophe
Colon
Comma
Dash
Parentheses
Period
Ellipses
Quotation Marks
Semicolon
SPELLING
Appendix A. Commonly Used Acronyms (PAGE 14)
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GENERAL WRITING GUIDELINES
 Avoid wordiness.
 Avoid overly fancy words.
 Avoid overly complex sentence structure.
 Avoid sexist language: chair (not chairman), representative, or senator (not congressman)
 Particularly in consumer-oriented material, use person-first language when referring to
persons with disabilities. For example, rather than “hearing-impaired patient,” use
“patient who is hearing impaired” or, preferably, “patient with a hearing impairment” to
emphasize that the patient is a person first and—secondarily—has a disability.
 Use the active, not passive, voice whenever possible.
Passive: The bill was passed by Congress. Active: Congress passed the bill.
 Avoid the use of please in calls to action.
For more information, please contact the Academy.
 Reread and revise as necessary.
ABBREVIATIONS
 American Academy of Audiology: the Academy. Use of the abbreviation AAA should be
limited and more in use with the annual conference, see specifics later in this guide.
 American Academy of Audiology Foundation: AAA Foundation, AAAF, the Foundation
 American Academy of Audiology Inc. Political Action Committee: AAA Inc. PAC
 American Board of Audiology
®
: ABA; Pediatric Audiology Specialty Certification:
PASC
®
; Cochlear Implant Specialty Certification: CISC
®,
Certificate Holder-Audiology
Preceptor: CH-AP
 AAA Annual Conference; AAA 2019 or specified year.
 fourth-year externship, not 4th-year externship
 Spell out nonstandard abbreviations at first use: ABR (auditory brainstem response).
 Avoid the use of periods in academic and professional designations such as AuD, CAE,
CMP, CFRE, EdD, MA, MD, MSc, PhD, ScD. Within a sentence, the credentials are
followed by a comma: John Smith, AuD, writes…
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 Before referring to someone as Dr., specify which doctoral degree an individual has
earned, preferably as an abbreviation immediately following his or her name.
 No periods in acronyms (HAT, NICU, OSHA) and initialisms (AAA, JCIH).
 U.S. when used as an adjective, United States when used as a noun
 Write out the full state name in the “About the Author” section of AT articles. In the
reference lists, use the two-letter abbreviation.
 She or he (not s/he or she/he)
 The Hearing Journal: Hear J (In italics)*
*Full list of journal abbreviations available
 Spell out the names of months.
 Use “and” in place of the ampersand symbol (&).
 When following an Arabic numeral, certain scientific abbreviations (dB, Hz) do not need
to be spelled out.
CAPITALIZATION
 Headings/titles: Capitalize every word except prepositions of four letters or fewer (on, in,
up, down, upon, etc.); articles (a, an, the); the words to and as; and the conjunctions but,
and, or, for, and nor. Capitalize all verbs regardless of length, including “is” and “are.”
 audiology, audiologist
 the American Academy of Audiology, the Academy
 American Academy of Audiology Foundation, AAA Foundation, AAAF, the Foundation
 American Board of Audiology
®
(ABA), the board
 Board Certified in Audiology
®
, board certified
 the Deaf community, the Deaf culture, persons who are deaf
 the Publications Committee, the committee
 Founders Day, founder James Jerger
 Fellow of the American Academy of Audiology, a fellow
 the Board of Directors, the board
 the U.S. Congress, the Congress, congressional, member of Congress
 Senator Tim Johnson, Senator Johnson, the senator
 Illinois State, state of Illinois
 President Feeney, the president
 Michael Valente, chair of the Publications Committee
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 the Medicare Hearing Health Care Enhancement Act of 2007, the direct access bill
 federal
 the Capitol Hill office, the main office
 winter, spring, summer, fall
 internet, web
 website
 cochlear implant
 hearing aid
 speech-in-noise
ď‚· Generational terms: baby boomer, gen X, gen Y, millennial
 Hashtags: Use capital letters for proper nouns only.
 E-mail addresses: Use capital letters only when case sensitive.
 Web addresses: Case (uppercase and lowercase) should always be preserved in case-
sensitive addresses, regardless of context. Addresses are not case sensitive.
ď‚· When using the URL in marketing material or titles and headings, use capital
letters: www.AmericanBoardofAudiology.org, www.AAAConference.org, etc.
ď‚· When using the URL within text, lowercase may be used:
www.aaaconference.org.
 For Dutch surnames beginning with van, van der, or similar particles, the particles are
lowercased when used with first names (Rafael van der Vaart), but the first particles are
capitalized when the surnames are used without the first names (Dr. Van der Vaart).
FORMAT
 For guidance on how to format letters, e-mails, memos, and other business documents,
consult The Gregg Reference Manual, 10th edition, by William A. Sabin.
 Do not separate sentences with more than one space.
Only one space after all punctuation.
 It is unnecessary to title an introductory section “Introduction.” Introductory sections
do not require a title.
 Use bulleted lists unless the number of items is important, in which case use
numbered lists. For bulleted lists, do not use a colon after a verb or preposition. Do
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you use a colon after “following,” “as follows,” and “to. Lowercase letters enumerate
the second level of items in a numbered list.
1.
2.
a.
b.
3.
About the Author
This section should consist of one sentence containing the author’s academic credentials
(typically limited to highest degree[s]), title, affiliation (institution and location), and
current volunteer activity for the Academy. The “FAAA” designation is not necessary.
board certification may be included. A second sentence may be added that contains
pertinent professional information demonstrating the author’s authority on the topic of
the article.
John Smith, PhD, is a professor of audiology in the Department of Communication
Sciences and Disorders at Some University, Anytown, State.
Jane Johnson, AuD, is an audiologist at Big City Hearing in Big City, State.
Johnson specializes in pediatric diagnosis and rehabilitation.
Figures and Tables
Figures
ď‚· Captions should follow sentence-style capitalization and be followed by a
period.
ď‚· Captions should appear under figures.
ď‚· Each part of a multipart figure should be labeled with a capital letter as such: A,
B, C, etc.
Tables
ď‚· Titles should follow headline-style capitalization and not be followed by a
period.
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ď‚· Titles should appear above tables.
ď‚· Headers should follow sentence-style capitalization.
Text Citations
ď‚· Text citations of references should appear in author-date format.
ď‚· Citations are ideally placed at a natural pause in the text, usually just preceding a
punctuation mark at the end of a clause or sentence.
ď‚· A list of multiple citations should be ordered chronologically. If more than one
citation in the list is from the same year, those citations should be ordered
alphabetically.
 If a source has been accepted for publication but not yet published, “Forthcoming”
should be used in lieu of the year of copyright.
One author:
(Author surname, Year of copyright)
(Jerger, 2009)
Two authors:
(First author surname and Second author surname, Year of copyright)
(Jerger and Jerger, 2009)
Three or more authors:
(First author surname et al, Year of copyright)
(Jerger et al, 2009)
Specific page(s):
(Author surname, Year of copyright, p[p]. Page number[s]).
(Jerger, 2009, p. 10)
Personal communications (e-mails, letters, phone conversations, in-person
conversations, etc.) should be cited as follows:
Dr. David Myers (pers. comm., May 14, 2010), founder of the Let’s Loop America
campaign, describes the new technology that is desirable to both consumers and
hearing professionals alike.
Multiple citations:
(McCaslin, 2008; Jacobson, 2009; Jerger, 2009)
Reference List
 References provide the bibliographic information of the author’s sources.
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 There should be no comma between the author’s last name and the first initial, Jerger
J.
 Multiple authors look like: Jerger J, Jerger J.
 List up to six authors. If there are more than six authors, list the first three followed by
“et al.”
Book:
Author surname First and any other initials. (Year of copyright) Book Title.
Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.
Smith A. (2009) All About Audiology. 3rd ed. Somewhere, VA: Audiology
Publishers.
Book chapter:
Author surname First and any other initials. (Year of copyright) Chapter title. In:
Book Title. Place of publication: Publisher, pp. Page range of chapter.
Jerger J. (2009) Research issues. In: Audiology: An Editorial Journey. Reston, VA:
American Academy of Audiology, 89–92.
Magazine or journal article:
Author surname First and any other initials. (Year of copyright) Article title.
Magazine or PubMed Journal Title Abbreviation Volume number(Issue number):
Page range of article.
Jerger J. (2007) Divided-attention and directed-attention listening modes in
children with dichotic deficits: an event-related potential study. J Am Acad Audiol
18(1):34–53.
Online magazine or journal article:
Author surname First and any other initials. (Year of copyright) Article title.
Magazine or PubMed Journal Title Abbreviation Volume number(Issue number):
Page range of article. URL.
Jerger J. (2007) Divided-attention and directed-attention listening modes in
children with dichotic deficits: an event-related potential study. J Am Acad Audiol
18(1):34–53.
www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aaa/jaaa/2007/00000018/00000001/art00004.
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Site content:
Author Name. (Year of copyright or year of access if no copyright date is given)
Title of content. Title or Owner of the Site. URL (accessed Month Day, Year).
If no author is named, the owner of the site is considered the author.
American Academy of Audiology. (2010) Assistive listening and alerting devices.
How’s Your Hearing? Ask an Audiologist. www.howsyourhearing.org (accessed
July 4, 2010).
Notes
 Notes are numbered sequentially using Arabic numerals.
 The notes section appears at the end of an article.
 Note numbers are superscripted in body text but not in the notes section itself.
 A note number in body text should be placed as close as possible to the text it refers to
and immediately after any punctuation marks (one exception: before a dash). For ease
of reading, the note number is ideally placed at the end of a sentence.
NAMES AND TERMS
 The terms hearing health-care provider and hearing health-care professional denote
both audioprosthologist and audiologist and therefore should not be used as synonyms
for audiologist.
 To ensure fair use of a trademark, such as a product name, apply these guidelines:
a. Use the trademark only if the trademarked product cannot be easily identified
without it.
b. Use the trademark no more than is needed to identify the product.
c. Do not use the trademark in such a way that implies the trademark holder’s
sponsorship or endorsement.
Trademark symbols (™,
®
): Use in titles, headings, graphic uses, and on first use in
body text. Omit after the first use in body text. Note that superscription of the
registered trademark symbol (
®
) is not possible on the web.
 Do not use logos in body text.
 At the first mention of a person, include full formal name and degrees. Thereafter, use
only the surname.
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 For a list of commonly used acronyms, see Appendix.
Academy Products and Services
HearCareers (in running text)
Academy Awards
Jerger Career Award for Research in Audiology
Samuel F. Lybarger Award for Achievements in Industry
International Award in Hearing
Humanitarian Award
Marion Downs Pediatric Audiology Award
Clinical Excellence in Audiology Award
Early-Career Audiologist Award
Outstanding Educator Award
Honors of the Academy
Academy Grants
New Investigator Research Grant
Student Investigator Research Grant
Student Summer Research Fellowship
American Academy of Audiology Foundation Awards and Grants
Hearing Aids, Clinical Protocols, and Patient Outcomes Student Research Grant
Vestibular Research Grant
James and Susan Jerger Award for Excellence in Student Research
Student Research Forum Award
Meetings
 As of June 2017, AudiologyNOW!, the Academy’s annual conference, will be
referenced as AAA (space) ____ and the appropriate year.
1. AAA 2018
2. For example, “At AAA 2018, the Academy’s annual conference
and exposition, Amy Miedema will be presenting.”
3. If you do not want to reference a specific year, simply say, “At
the Academy’s annual conference and exposition…”
 Academy Research Conference (ARC)
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 Jerger Future Leaders of Audiology Conference (JFLAC)
 Audiology Career Enhancement (ACE) Symposium or ACE after initial reference
 Whereas conferences titles are not italicized or placed in quotation marks, conference
themes are placed in quotation marks: “Research and Clinical Practice: Integration
Through Communication.”
Organizations
 American Academy of Audiology Foundation.
 The registered trademark symbol (
®
) must follow the name American Board of
Audiology and the designation Board Certified in Audiology when they appear along
with the American Board of Audiology logo.
 Use complete names rather than abbreviations at first use: American Academy of
Audiology (Academy), American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA).
The abbreviation, in parentheses, should immediately follow the complete name and
will be used throughout the remainder of the text.
 Use complete names of manufacturers and companies upon first use, e.g., Starkey
Laboratories Inc., not Starkey. Thereafter, use shortened name.
Titles of Works
 Books, journals, magazines, e-newsletters, newspapers, reports, brochures, and other
complete, stand-alone publications (whether print or electronic), as well as movies,
albums/CDs, TV series, and the like, are italicized: Audiology: An Editorial Journey,
Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, Audiology Today, AT Extra,
Washington Health Policy Update, The Academy and Audiologists in Academia,
Noise and Hearing Loss (brochure), Audiology Practice Essentials, Guidelines for the
Audiologic Management of Adult Hearing Impairment.
 Chapters, articles, and other parts of complete, stand-alone publications, as well as
events, presentations, conference themes, and songs are placed in quotation marks:
“Washington Watch,” “Turn It to the Left
®
.”
Web Addresses
 If http://www begins a web address, http:// is not needed.
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 A trailing backslash is not needed at the end of a web address that consists only of a
domain name: www.audiology.org not www.audiology.org/.
NUMBERS
 Spell out numbers one through nine. Use Arabic numerals for numbers 10 and greater.
 Spell out numbers that begin a sentence.
Fifteen thousand audiologists attended AAA 2019 in Columbus.
 In number ranges, separate the numbers using an en dash (a mark that is a little longer
than a hyphen): October 27–31, 1967–1968, pp. 330–341. Do not abbreviate the second
number in the range.
 Do not include cents in round-number dollar amounts: $100.
 Commas should be used before the hundreds digit beginning with 1,000. Years and page
numbers do not require commas.
 Phone or fax numbers: 703-790-8466, x1031. For domestic numbers, it is not necessary
to include a 1 before the area code or to place the area code in parentheses. International
numbers are preceded by a plus sign and the country code, for example, +44 to call the
United Kingdom. The plus sign represents any numbers that are required from the
country of origin; in the United States, the numbers 011 are required in order to call
outside the country.
 Numbered lists in running text should be written with (1) Arabic numerals, (2) numbers
enclosed in parentheses, (3) short items separated by commas, and (4) long items
separated by semicolons.
 Write out %: 26 percent (not 26%), nine percent
 Ordinals should not be superscripted.
Dates and Times
 January 1, 2009
 January 2009 (no comma)
 spring 2009
 10:27 pm, 10:00 am to 12:00 pm, 10:00 am–2:15 pm, 12:00 am to 6:00 am, 6:30–8:30
pm
 Do not use ordinals in dates: June 23 (not June 23rd), October 1 (not October 1st).
January 2019 12
 September 11, 2001, may be referred to as 9/11.
PUNCTUATION
Apostrophe
 Do not use contractions except in the rare circumstance when an informal tone is needed.
 No apostrophes in decades or plural abbreviations such as 1980s, AuDs
 Possessives
Singular: add ’s
the audiologist’s practice, Drew Brees’s son
Plural: add ’
the audiologists’ practice, the Brees’ son
Colon
 Use a colon following a complete sentence to introduce an example or series of
examples.
AuDs can find employment in a variety of work settings: schools, hospitals, private
practice, and so on.
 Use a colon to introduce quoted material of more than one complete sentence.
Comma
 Use a comma to separate items in a series, including the conjunction preceding the final
item in the series: Jim, Fred, and Jerry.
 Do not use commas around restrictive relative clauses (i.e., when the clause is essential to
the meaning of the sentence).
Inside our ears are hair cells that send hearing signals to the brain.
Use commas around nonrestrictive relatives clauses (i.e., when the clause is not essential
to the meaning of the sentence).
These hair cells act like blades of grass in your lawn, which can bend, break, and
die out if you walk across them too much or stomp on them too hard.
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 Use a comma between independent clauses (a group of words that can stand alone as a
complete sentence) that are joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, nor, yet,
or).
Hearing difficulties often go unrecognized by the sufferer, and most people wait
seven to ten years before seeking help.
 Commas should be used following long introductory clauses.
Although hearing problems are commonly associated with the normal aging
process, more than half of all hearing-impaired persons younger than 65.
 Commas should be placed around appositives.
Patrick Feeney, the president, has made research a priority during his term.
Dash
 Em dashes ([Ctrl] [Alt] + minus sign on the number pad) are used for emphasis (and
should be used sparingly)
Audiology is one of the best professions to practice—perhaps the very best!
 En dashes ([Ctrl] + minus sign on the number pad) are used in ranges of numbers or
between page numbers.
 Dashes should not be preceded or followed by spaces.
Parentheses
 Parentheses enclose material that is not essential.
 A parenthetical may be a complete sentence but should not have an initial capital letter or
final period when it appears within another sentence.
Period
 Periods are acceptable immediately following web addresses: www.audiology.org.
Ellipses
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 Use an ellipsis (three periods in a row) with no spaces on either side to indicate missing
text.
Quotation Marks
 All punctuation, with the exception of semicolons, should be placed inside quotation
marks.
 Single quotation marks are used around a quotation within a quotation.
 Quotations of five lines or more should appear as block quotations. Block quotations do
not use quotation marks but are indented and separated by hard returns from the text
preceding and following.
 See also “Titles of Works” section above.
Semicolon
 The semicolon separates items in a series when the items are very long or contain
commas.
 The semicolon separates two closely related independent clauses (i.e., complete
sentences).
SPELLING
 Use Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition. If a word has alternative
spellings, use the first listed. Do not use British-English variants.
 Eliminate the hyphens between prefixes and root words whenever possible: cosponsor,
coworker, subcommittee, preconvention, nonmember, nonprofit.
 Computer file formats should be referred to by name, not extension: PDF, not .pdf; Word,
not .doc; Excel, not .xls; WAV, not .wav; PowerPoint, not .ppt
 acknowledgment
 app
 audiological, not audiologic
 child care
 data (plural), datum (singular)
 e.g., (no italics) = for example
 i.e., (no italics) = that is
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 earbud, earmuff, earplug
 e-mail, e-newsletter, e-commerce
 fund raise, fund-raiser, fund-raising,
 health care, health-care policy
 hard of hearing
 hearing aid, hearing aid fitting (no hyphen)
 hearing impaired
 it’s = it is; its = belonging to it
 judgment
 keyword
 Listserv (capitalized)
 log in (noun), log-in (verb)
 long-term (adjective), long term (noun)
 master’s degree
 member-at-large
 online
 on-site
 on demand
 payer, not payor
 resume, not résumé
 smartphone
 tele-audiology
 telehealth
 telemedicine
 videoconferencing
 website, web page
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Appendix A. Commonly Used Acronyms
ACRONYM FULL NAME
AAAF American Academy of Audiology Foundation
AADB American Association of the Deaf-Blind
AAFP American Academy of Family Physicians
AAMI Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation
AAO-HNS American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery
AAP American Academy of Pediatrics
AAS American Auditory Society
ABA American Board of Audiology
®
ACAE Accreditation Commission for Audiology Education
ADA Academy of Doctors of Audiology
AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
AMA American Medical Association
AMS association management system
APA American Psychological Association
APC ambulatory payment classification
APD auditory processing disorder
APE Audiology Practice Essentials [Academy product]
ARA Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology
ARO Association for Research in Otolaryngology
ASA Acoustical Society of America
ASACOS Acoustical Society of America Committee on Standards
ASAE American Society of Association Executives
ASHA American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
ASHA HCEC ASHA Health Care Economics Committee
AT Audiology Today
ATA American Tinnitus Association
AVI Auditory-Verbal International Inc.
®
AVT auditory-verbal therapy
BAA British Academy of Audiology
BEO banquet event order
BHI Better Hearing Institute
BLS U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
CAA Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech
Language Pathology
CAE Certified Association Executive
CAH critical access hospital
January 2019 17
CAOHC Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation
CAPCSD Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and
Disorders
CAPD central auditory processing disorder
CCC-A Certificate of Clinical Competence in Audiology
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CEC Council for Exceptional Children
CED Council on Education of the Deaf
CEU continuing education unit
CF conversion factor
CHHC Congressional Hearing Health Caucus
CID Central Institute for the Deaf
CISC
®
Cochlear Implant Specialty Certification
CLEAR Council on Licensure, Enforcement and Regulation
CMS Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
CODA Children of Deaf Adults International
CPOP Certification Program for Otolaryngology Personnel
CPT
®
Current Procedure Terminology [owned by AMA]
CVB convention and visitors bureau
DCMP Described and Captioned Media Program [National Association of the
Deaf]
DHHA Deaf and Hard of Hearing Alliance
DHI-S Dizziness Handicap Inventory—Screening Version
DRF Deafness Research Foundation
EAP Exhibitor Advisory Panel
EHDI Early Hearing Detection and Intervention
ETS Educational Testing Service
FAAA Fellow of the American Academy of Audiology
FDA Food and Drug Administration
GAO Government Accountability Office
GPCI geographic practice cost indices
HCPAC Health Care Professionals Advisory Committee
HCPCS Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System
H.E.A.R. Hearing Education and Awareness for Rockers
HEI House Ear Institute
HHIE-S Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly—Screening Version
HHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
HIA Hearing Industries Association
HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HLAA Hearing Loss Association of America [formerly SHHH]
HRSA Health Resources and Services Administration
IACET International Association for Continuing Education and Training
January 2019 18
IAEE International Association of Exhibitions and Events [formerly IAEM
{International Association for Exhibition Management}]
ICD-9 International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision [diagnosis
codes]
IDEA Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
IDTF Independent Diagnostic Testing Facility
IEP Individualized Education Program
IHS International Hearing Society [hearing aid dealers]
IPPE initial preventative physical examination [“Welcome to Medicare”
exam]
JAAA Journal of the American Academy of Audiology
JCIH Joint Committee on Infant Hearing
MCO managed care organization
MedPAC Medicare Payment Advisory Commission [independent congressional
agency]
MMA Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of
2003
MPFS Medicare Physician Fee Schedule
NAAHP National Association of Advisors for the Health Professions
NACIQI National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity
[U.S. Dept. of Education]
NAFDA National Association of Future Doctors of Audiology
NAICS North American Industry Classification System
NBASLH National Black Association for Speech-Language and Hearing
NBC-HIS National Board for Certification in Hearing Instrument Sciences
NCCA National Commission for Certifying Agencies
NCD National Coverage Determinations
NCHH National Campaign for Hearing Health [DRF]
NCI National Captioning Institute
NCSA National Cued Speech Association
NCSB National Council of State Boards of Examiners for Speech-Language Pathology
and Audiology
NHCA National Hearing Conservation Association
NIDCD National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
NIH National Institutes of Health
NIHL noise-induced hearing loss
NOCA National Organization for Competency Assurance
NQF National Quality Forum
OIG Office of the Inspector General
OPM U.S. Office of Personnel Management
OPPS Outpatient Prospective Payment System
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
January 2019 19
PAC political action committee [but the American Academy of Audiology Inc.
Political Action Committee]
PASC
®
Pediatric Audiology Specialty Certification
PCMA Professional Convention Management Association
PCP primary care physician
PCPI Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement
PEAC Practice Expense Advisory Committee
PQRS Physician Quality Reporting System
RUC Relative Value Scale Update Committee
RVU relative value units
SOC Standard Occupational Classification
SGR sustainable growth rate
TITTL “Turn It to the Left” [Academy Foundation song]
UNHS universal newborn hearing screening
USTAG United States Technical Advisory Group
WFD World Federation of the Deaf
