CVC 19-107 Edition V
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
GUide To STATe STATUes
iN The NATioNAl STATUArY HAll CollecTioN
2 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
STATE PAGE
STATE PAGE
Alabama ...........................3
Alaska .............................4
Arizona ............................5
Arkansas ...........................6
California ..........................7
Colorado ...........................8
Connecticut .........................9
Delaware ..........................10
Florida ............................11
Georgia ...........................12
Hawaii ............................13
Idaho .............................14
Illinois ............................15
Indiana ...........................16
Iowa ..............................17
Kansas ............................18
Kentucky ..........................19
Louisiana ..........................20
Maine ............................21
Maryland ..........................22
Massachusetts ......................23
Michigan ..........................24
Minnesota .........................25
Mississippi .........................26
Missouri ...........................27
Montana ..........................28
Nebraska ..........................29
Nevada ...........................30
New Hampshire ....................31
New Jersey .........................32
New Mexico .......................33
New York ..........................34
North Carolina .....................35
North Dakota ......................36
Ohio .............................37
Oklahoma .........................38
Oregon ...........................39
Pennsylvania .......................40
Rhode Island .......................41
South Carolina .....................42
South Dakota ......................43
Tennessee .........................44
Texas .............................45
Utah .............................46
Vermont ..........................47
Virginia ...........................48
Washington ........................49
West Virginia .......................50
Wisconsin .........................51
Wyoming ..........................52
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
GUide To STATe STATUes
iN The NATioNAl STATUArY HAll CollecTioN
TOM FO NTAN A
Statue photography by Architect of the Capitol
The Guide to State Statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection
is available as a free mobile app via the iTunes app store or Google play.
Senator Mazie Hirono of Hawaii addresses
a group of high school students gathered in
front of the statue of King Kamehameha in
the Capitol Visitor Center.
3 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Helen Adams Keller
Edward Hlavka, Capitol Visitor Center, 2009*
Helen Adams Keller was born on June 27, 1880, in
Tuscumbia, Alabama. When she was 19 months old,
an illness left her deaf, blind, and unable to speak. From
her childhood teacher and life-long companion, Annie
Sullivan, she learned to communicate by touch, Braille,
and the use of a special typewriter. In 1890 a teacher
from a Boston school for the deaf taught her to speak. She
attended the Cambridge School for Young Ladies and
then entered Radclie College, from which she graduated
with honors in 1904. Keller and Sullivan collaborated on
Helen’s autobiography, The Story of My Life.
• Keller embraced a variety of social causes, including
women’s surage. She lectured and wrote in support of
these causes as well as to call attention to the plight of
persons with physical handicaps. Following World War II,
she traveled abroad to support the blind.
• Helen Keller died on June 1, 1968, in Westport,
Connecticut; her ashes are interred at the
National Cathedral in Washington, D.C.
• The statue depicts a moment made
famous in the biographical play and
movie The Miracle Worker. It shows
Keller as a seven-year-old girl wearing
a pinafore over her dress. She stands
at an ivy-entwined water pump. Her
expression of astonishment shows the
moment when she and Annie Sullivan
rst communicated, by touch, the
word “water.”
• Because of braille around the
statue base, the Helen Keller
statue is the only statue in
Emancipation Hall without a
“Do Not Touch” sign.
Joseph Wheeler
Berthold Nebel, National Statuary Hall, 1925*
Joseph Wheeler was born near Augusta, Georgia, on
September 10, 1838. An 1859 graduate of the U.S.
Military Academy, he resigned from the Army to join
the Confederate forces in 1861 and rose rapidly to the
rank of lieutenant general. Nicknamed “Fighting Joe,”
Wheeler was considered by General Robert E. Lee to
be one of the two most outstanding Confederate cavalry
leaders and saw action in many campaigns, including the
opposition to Sherman’s advance on Atlanta.
• After the war, he became a planter and a lawyer.
• He served in the U.S. House of Representatives during
1881–1882, 1883, and 1885–1900; there he strove to
heal the breach between the North and South
and championed economic policies that would
help the South.
• In 1898, Wheeler volunteered for the
Spanish-American War.
• He was appointed major general
of volunteers by President
McKinley, saw action as a
cavalry commander in Cuba,
and was a senior member of the
peace commission.
• He later commanded a brigade
in the Philippine Insurrection
in 1899–1900, where he was
commissioned a brigadier general
in the U.S. Regular Army.
• Wheeler was also the author of several
books on military history and strategy
and civil subjects.
• He died on January 25, 1906,
and is buried in Arlington
National Cemetery.
ALABAMA STATUES
AlabaMa
3 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
ALASK A STATUES
Ernest Gruening
George Anthonisen, Capitol Visitor Center, 1977*
Born in New York City on February 6, 1886, Ernest
Gruening graduated from Harvard in 1907 and from
Harvard Medical School in 1912. Gruening forsook
medicine to pursue journalism.
• As a reporter for the Boston American in 1912, he went
on to become copy desk editor and rewrite man for
the Boston Evening Herald and, from 1912 to 1913, an
editorial writer. Gruening served as managing editor of
the Boston Evening Traveler and the New York Tribune. After
serving with the Federal Artillery Corps in World War I,
Gruening became editor of The Nation from 1920
to 1923 and editor of the New York Post from
1932 to 1933.
• Intrigued with politics, he switched careers.
Gruening was appointed to the U.S.
delegation to the Seventh Inter-American
Conference in 1933, Director of the
Division of Territories and Island
Possessions of the Department of the
Interior (1934–1939), Administrator of
the Puerto Rico Reconstruction (1935–
1937), and a member of the Alaska
International Highway Commission
(1938–1942).
• In 1939 Gruening was appointed
Governor of the Territory of Alaska and
served for 14 years.
• Pending statehood, he was elected to the
U.S. Senate in 1958; with Alaska’s
admission to the Union in 1959,
Gruening served in the Senate
for 10 years.
• He died on June 26, 1974.
Edward Lewis Bartlett
Felix W. de Weldon, House connecting corridor, 2nd oor, 1971*
Edward Lewis Bartlett was born on April 20, 1904, in
Seattle, Washington. After graduating from the University
of Alaska in 1925, Bartlett began his career in politics.
• A reporter for the Fairbanks Daily News until 1933, he
accepted the position of secretary to Delegate Anthony
Dimond of Alaska. Three years later he became
the chairman of the Unemployment Compensation
Commission of Alaska.
• On January 30, 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt
appointed him secretary of the Alaska Territory.
• Beginning in 1945, Bartlett served as the delegate from
Alaska to the 79th and the six succeeding Congresses.
• He labored constantly for statehood. Upon Alaska’s
admission to the Union in 1959, he became the rst
senator from Alaska and served until 1967.
• The Library of Congress estimates that he
had more bills passed into law than any
other member in congressional history.
These included the Radiation Safety Bill
and the Bartlett Act, requiring all federally-
funded buildings to be accessible to persons
with disabilities.
• Bartlett possessed the reputation of a
quiet man of achievement. Well-loved
and respected by his constituents
as well as his peers, Bartlett died
December 11, 1968.
ALASKA
4 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
ARIZONA STATUES
Eusebio Kino
Suzanne Silvercruys, Capitol Visitor Center, 1965*
A man of many talents, Eusebio Kino was born on
August 10, 1645, in Segno, Italy. After recuperating from
a serious illness, Kino joined the Society of Jesus in 1665.
After drawing his lot, Father Kino set out for Mexico in
1678. Four years later, as the head of a Jesuit mission, he
led the Atondo expedition to lower California. After a
drought in 1685, Kino was forced back to Mexico City.
• In 1687, he journeyed to southern Arizona to work
with the Pimas. Especially adept in mathematics and
geography, he was one of the rst scientic explorers,
cartographers, astronomers, historians, builders, and
ranchmen of the Pimera Alta.
• Due to his eorts, missions and stockyards
were developed. Roads were built to connect
previously inaccessible areas. His many
expeditions on horseback covered over
50,000 square miles, during which
he mapped an area 200 miles long
and 250 miles wide and deduced that
California was a peninsula.
• He built missions extending from
the interior of Sonora 150 miles
northeast to San Xavier del Bac.
He constructed 19 rancheras, which
supplied cattle to new settlements.
• He was also instrumental in the
return of the Jesuits to California
in 1697. Father Kino remained in
southern Arizona until his death
in 1711.
ARIZONA
Barry Goldwater
Deborah Copenhaver Fellows, National Statuary Hall, 2015*
Barry Goldwater served ve terms in the United States
Senate. Author of The Conscience of a Conservative (1960),
he is widely recognized as the founder of the modern
conservative movement.
• He was born on January 1, 1909, in Phoenix. He
attended Phoenix public schools, graduated from
Staunton Military Academy in Virginia, and studied
at the University of Arizona in Tucson.
• During World War II, Goldwater served as a pilot in the
U.S. Army Air Force in the Asiatic Theater from 1941
to 1945. He joined the Air Force Reserve after the war
and founded the Arizona Air National Guard,
which he desegregated two years earlier
than the rest of the U.S. military. In 1967,
he retired with the rank of major general.
• In 1949 Goldwater won a seat on the
Phoenix city council, launching his
career in public service. Three years
later, he won his rst of two consecutive
terms in the United States Senate. He
supported certain civil rights bills but
in 1964 voted against the nal version
of the Civil Rights Act because he
believed it intruded on the rights of
states and individuals. Also in that year
he won the Republican nomination
for the presidency. He was defeated
by incumbent Lyndon B. Johnson,
but Arizonans returned him to the
Senate in 1968, 1974, and 1980; he
chose not to seek re-election in 1986.
• Barry Goldwater died on May 29,
1998, at the age of 89.
5 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Uriah M. Rose
Frederic W. Ruckstull, National Statuary Hall, 1917*
Uriah M. Rose was born in Bradfordsville on March 5,
1834. When he was 17, lawyer R.H. Roundtree hired him
as a deputy county clerk while he studied law at night at
Transylvania University. After graduating in 1853, Rose
formed a partnership in Batesville, Arkansas.
• In 1860 he was appointed chancellor in Pulaski County,
a position he held until Union forces captured the state
capital. Although he opposed secession, he remained
loyal to Arkansas throughout the Civil War.
• Moving to Little Rock in 1865, he formed a partnership
with George C. Watkins, former chief justice
of Arkansas. Two years later he published
the Digest of the Arkansas Reports.
• A man of learning in the law, science, and
literature, Rose could read German
and speak French uently; he was also
a noted public speaker.
• In 1891 he published The Constitution
of the State of Arkansas, with notes.
He was an inuential member
of the Arkansas Bar Association,
serving as its president from 1899
to 1900; he was a charter member
of the American Bar Association
and its president from 1901 to 1902.
• President Theodore Roosevelt
appointed him a delegate to the
Second Peace Conference at The
Hague in 1907.
• Rose died at his home in
Little Rock, Arkansas, on
August 12, 1913.
James Paul Clarke
Pompeo Coppini, Capitol Visitor Center, 1921*
On August 8, 1854, James Paul Clarke was born in Yazoo
City, Mississippi. Educated in the public schools and at
Professor Tutwilder’s Academy, Greenbrier, Alabama, he
graduated from the University of Virginia Law School. In
1879, he moved to Arkansas, where he opened a practice
in Helena, Phillips County.
• A member of the state House of Representatives from
1886 to 1888, Clarke served in the state Senate until
1892. He was the president of that body in 1891 and
ex ocio lieutenant governor.
• Clarke was attorney general of Arkansas from 1892
to 1894 and governor of Arkansas from 1895 to
1896. Declining re-nomination, Clarke moved
in 1897 to Little Rock where he resumed his
law practice.
• Six years later, he was elected to the
U.S. Senate and served until his death.
• Known for his “unqualied
independence,” he broke with his
party in its opposition to President
Theodore Roosevelt’s policy on the
Panama Canal. Clark was ardently
in favor of Philippine independence.
He supported employers’ liability
and workmen’s compensation
legislation and opposed literacy
tests for immigrants.
• He was elected president pro tempore of
the Senate in 1913 and again in 1915. He
was also a member of the Democratic
National Committee.
• James Clarke died in Little Rock,
Arkansas, on October 1, 1916.
ARKANSAS STATUES
ARKANSAS
6 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Ronald Wilson Reagan
Chas Fagan, Rotunda, 2009*
Ronald Wilson Reagan was born on February 6, 1911,
in Tampico, Illinois; graduated from Eureka College in
1932; and became a radio sports announcer. In 1937 he
began a 29-year acting career that included over 60 lms
and dozens of television programs.
• In the Army during World War II, his nearsightedness
kept him from combat duty, so he worked in the
training-lm unit for three years.
• After the war he returned to Hollywood, and from
1947–1952 and 1959–1960 he served as president of
the Screen Actors Guild. In 1952 he wed
actress Nancy Davis.
• Running as a Republican, Reagan was
elected governor of California in
1966 and re-elected in 1970.
• In 1980, he was elected president
of the United States; he was
re-elected in 1984.
• In 1994, ve years after leaving
oce, Reagan was diagnosed with
Alzheimer’s Disease.
• On June 5, 2004, he passed away at
the age of 93. His body lay in repose
at the Ronald Reagan Presidential
Library in Simi Valley, California, and
then lay in state in the U.S. Capitol
Rotunda. After a state funeral at
Washington National Cathedral
on June 11, his body was interred
at the Reagan Library.
Father Junipero Serra (Miguel Jose Serra)
Ettore Cadorin, National Statuary Hall, 1931*
Father Junipero Serra (Miguel Jose Serra) was one of the
most important Spanish missionaries in the New World.
Born in Majorca on November 24, 1713, he joined
the Franciscan Order at the age of 16. He soon gained
prominence as an eloquent preacher and eventually
became a professor of theology. His dream was to become
a missionary to America. He arrived in Mexico City in
1750 to begin this new life.
• In 1769 he established a mission at the present site
of San Diego, California, the rst of a number that
would include San Antonio, San Buenaventura,
San Carlos, San Francisco de Assisi, San
Gabriel, San Juan Capistrano, San Luis
Obispo, and Santa Clara. This was a
herculean task considering that Father
Serra was already in his fties and
suered from a chronic ulcerated
condition in one leg.
• Serra was ascetic and
uncompromising in his zeal
to convert the Indians to
Christianity and to make his
missions self-sucient.
• The well-known and beloved
missionary died in Monterey,
California, on August 28, 1784;
his missions continued to ourish
for another 50 years.
CALIFORNIA STATUES
CALIFORNIA
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
7 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
* Indicates year that the statue
was added to the collection.
John L. “Jack” Swigert, Jr.
George and Mark Lundeen, Capitol Visitor Center, 1997*
John L. “Jack” Swigert, Jr., was born on August 30, 1931,
in Denver, Colorado. He attended the University of
Colorado, where he played varsity football and earned a
Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering.
He served with the Air Force as a combat pilot in Korea
and then became a test pilot.
• After earning a Master of Science degree in aerospace
science from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and
a Master of Business Administration degree from
Hartford College, he was accepted into the
NASA Apollo program.
• Swigert was one of three astronauts aboard
the Apollo 13 moon mission, which was
launched on April 11, 1970.
• The third lunar landing
attempt, the mission was
aborted after the rupture
of an oxygen tank on the
spacecraft’s service module.
Swigert and fellow astronauts James
A. Lovell, Jr. and Fred W. Haise, Jr.
returned safely to earth on April 17
after approximately 5 days and 23
hours in space.
• Swigert later became sta director
of the Committee on Science and
Technology of the U.S. House
of Representatives.
• Elected to Colorado’s newly
created Sixth Congressional
District in 1982, he died on
December 27, 1982, before
taking oce.
• Notice the reection of
the Capitol Dome in
Swigert’s helmet.
Florence Sabin
Joy Buba, Hall of Columns, 1959*
A pioneer in science and public health, Florence Sabin
was born in Central City, Colorado, on November 9,
1871. She graduated from Smith College in 1893,
attended the Johns Hopkins Medical School, and was
the rst woman to graduate from that institution.
• In 1902 she began to teach anatomy at Johns Hopkins.
Appointed professor of histology in 1917, she was
the rst woman to become a full professor at a
medical college.
• In 1924 Sabin was elected the rst woman president of
the American Association of Anatomists and the rst
lifetime woman member of the National Academy
of Science.
• In September 1925 she became head of
the Department of Cellular Studies at
the Rockefeller Institute for Medical
Research in New York City. Her
research focused on the lymphatic
system, blood vessels and cells,
and tuberculosis.
• In 1944 she came out of a six-year
retirement to accept Colorado
governor John Vivian’s request to
chair a subcommittee on health.
This resulted in the “Sabin Health
Laws,” which modernized the
state’s public health system.
• She retired again in 1951 and
died on October 3, 1953.
COLORADO STATUES
COLORADO
8 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Roger Sherman
Chauncey B. Ives, Crypt, 1872*
Roger Sherman was born in Newton, Massachusetts,
on April 19, 1721. After attending the local “common”
schools he was apprenticed as a cobbler, but he became a
self-taught mathematician and scholar. After his father’s
death he entered business with his brother in Connecticut
and studied and practiced law.
• In 1774 Sherman was elected the rst mayor
of New Haven, a post he held until his death.
• Sherman was the only member of the Continental
Congress who signed all four of the great
state papers: the Association of 1774,
the Declaration of Independence,
the Articles of Confederation, and
the Constitution.
• He helped draft the Declaration of
Independence. Patrick Henry called
him one of the three greatest men
at the Constitutional Convention.
• Sherman proposed the dual system
of congressional representation,
which was adopted.
• Elected a representative to the rst
Congress in 1789–1791 and to the
Senate in 1791, he was regarded as
one of the most inuential members
of Congress.
• Roger Sherman died on July 23,
1793, and is buried in New Haven.
Jonathan Trumbull
Chauncey B. Ives, House connecting corridor, second oor, 1872*
Born October 12, 1710, the son of a prosperous farmer
and merchant, Jonathan Trumbull graduated from
Harvard College in 1727.
• He was elected to the 1773 colonial assembly, later
serving as governor’s assistant.
• Believing the Stamp Act unconstitutional, Trumbull
refused to take the oath to enforce it.
• He became chief justice and, in 1769, governor of
the colony.
• Jonathan Trumbull was the only colonial governor to
support the Revolution. A friend of Washington, he
lent his support to the recruitment of soldiers and the
acquisition of supplies.
• Trumbull resigned his oce in 1784 after 50 years
of public service. His patriotic farewell address
to the legislature pled for a strong nancial
and political union.
• Honorary degrees were conferred upon
Trumbull by Yale University and the
University of Edinburgh.
• His eldest son, Joseph, was commissary
general of the Continental Army and
died during the war; his son Jonathan
was condential secretary to General
Washington, second Speaker of the
House of Representatives, and governor
of Connecticut; his son John was the
artist whose four paintings depicting
scenes from the Revolution hang in
the Capitol Rotunda; and his daughter
Mary married William Williams, a signer
of the Declaration of Independence.
• Trumbull died on August 17,
1785, and is buried in
Lebanon, Connecticut.
CONNECTICUT STATUES
* Indicates year that the statue
was added to the collection.
CONNECTICUT
9 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Caesar Rodney
Bryant Baker, Crypt, 1934*
Caesar Rodney was born in Dover, Delaware, on October
7, 1728. Politics was one of his early interests. He was
High Sheri of Kent County from 1755 to 1756; justice
of the peace; judge of all lower courts; captain in the
Kent County Militia in 1756; superintendent of the
printing of Delaware currency in 1759; a member of the
state assembly from 1762 to 1769; and an associate justice
of the Delaware Supreme Court from 1769 to 1777.
• A delegate to the Stamp Act Congress and a strong
supporter of the Revolution, he participated in the First
and Second Continental Congresses.
• His dramatic ride to Philadelphia on
July 2, 1776, enabled the Delaware
delegation to vote two to one for the
Declaration of Independence.
• Rodney was elected the rst
president of Delaware and was
responsible for keeping the militia
loyal and ecient.
• He had a close relationship
with General Washington.
• He was also responsible for guiding
Delaware’s ratication of the Articles
of Confederation in 1779.
• The last 10 years of his life were
dicult as he suered from cancer.
• Rodney died at his farm, Poplar
Grove, on June 26, 1784. His remains
were reinterred in 1888 at the Christ
Episcopal Churchyard in Dover.
John Middleton Clayton
Bryant Baker, Capitol Visitor Center, 1934*
John Middleton Clayton was born in Delaware on
July 24, 1796. His father, a farmer, was also a student of
the classics, a taste inherited by his son. John Clayton
entered Yale College on his 15th birthday and graduated
with the highest honors in his class. He was admitted
to the bar in 1819 at the age of 23 and in 1824 he was
elected to the Delaware legislature.
• In 1829 Clayton was elected to the U.S. Senate,
its youngest member at an illustrious time in the
Senate’s history.
• A member of the Whig Party, Clayton was a strong ally
of Henry Clay. He was known for his oratory and his
abhorrence of corruption; his investigation of the Post
Oce Department led to its reorganization.
• Clayton resigned his Senate seat in 1836.
• He soon accepted the appointment as
chief justice of the Delaware Supreme
Court, but he resigned in 1839 to support
the presidential candidacy of William
Henry Harrison.
• He served again in the U.S. Senate
from 1845 to 1849.
• As President Zachary Taylor’s
secretary of state in 1850 he
negotiated the Clayton-Bulwer
Treaty with Great Britain, laying the
groundwork for America’s eventual
building of the Panama Canal.
• John Clayton died on November 9, 1856.
DELAWARE STATUES
DELAWARE
10 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Edmund Kirby Smith
C. Adrian Pillars, Capitol Visitor Center, 1922*
Edmund Kirby Smith was born on May 16, 1824, in
St. Augustine, Florida. Graduating from the United States
Military Academy in 1845, he served in the Mexican War
and was brevetted for gallantry. After the war he taught
mathematics at the Military Academy and served in the
cavalry on the frontier.
• His botany reports, written while accompanying the
Mexican Boundary Commission, were published by the
Smithsonian Institution.
• In 1861 he resigned from the army to join
the Confederate forces. He rose to the rank
of general and helped organize the Army of
the Shenandoah.
• While commanding a brigade in
the army, he was severely wounded
at Manassas.
• From 1863 until the end of the
war he commanded the
Trans-Mississippi department.
• He surrendered the last military
force of the Confederacy.
• He was president of the Atlantic and
Pacic Telegraph Company, chancellor
of the University of Nashville from 1870
to 1875, and professor of mathematics
at the University of the South in
Sewanee, Tennessee.
• He died on March 28, 1893, at
Sewanee, the last surviving full
general of either army.
John Gorrie
C.A. Pillars, National Statuary Hall, 1914*
John Gorrie, physician, scientist, inventor, and
humanitarian, is considered the father of refrigeration
and air-conditioning. He was born on the Island of
Nevis, October 3, 1802, and received his medical
education in New York.
• Pursuing the study of tropical diseases, Gorrie moved
to Apalachicola, Florida, a large cotton market on
the Gulf coast.
• With remarkable foresight and without knowledge
of microbiology, he urged draining the swamps
and sleeping under mosquito netting to
prevent disease.
• He also advocated the cooling of sickrooms
to reduce fever and to make the patient more
comfortable. For this he cooled rooms with
ice in a basin suspended from the ceiling.
• After 1845, he gave up his medical
practice to pursue refrigeration projects.
On May 6, 1851, Gorrie was granted
Patent No. 8080 for a machine to make
ice. The original model of this machine
and the scientic articles he wrote are at
the Smithsonian Institution.
• Impoverished, Gorrie sought to raise
money to manufacture his machine, but
the venture failed when his partner died.
• Humiliated by criticism, nancially
ruined, and his health broken, Gorrie
died in seclusion on June 29, 1855.
FLORIDA STATUES
FLORIDA
11 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Alexander Hamilton Stephens
Gutzon Borglum, National Statuary Hall, 1927*
Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born near
Crawfordville, Georgia, on February 11, 1812. Left
orphaned and penniless at age 15, he attended school
through the charity of friends and by working. In 1832 he
graduated from the University of Georgia. He studied law
and was admitted to the bar in 1834.
• He served in the state legislature from 1836 to 1842
and in the U.S. House of Representatives from
1843 to 1858.
• Although opposed to secession and diering with
Jeerson Davis over states rights and nullication,
Stephens served as the Confederacy’s vice president.
• At the close of the war, Stephens was arrested and
imprisoned for ve months at Fort Warren in
Boston Harbor.
• Elected to the U.S. Senate upon his release,
he was refused a seat because Georgia had
not been readmitted to the Union.
• He served again in the House of
Representatives from 1873 to 1882.
• Elected governor of Georgia in
1882, he served for four months
until his death on March 4, 1883.
• Throughout his life Stephens
helped numerous deserving young
men secure an education, and he
was inuential in the aairs of
Wesleyan, the rst state-chartered
female college.
Crawford W. Long
J. Massey Rhind, Crypt, 1926*
Crawford W. Long, a quiet country doctor, was the rst to
discover the eect of ether and to use it in surgery. Born
November 1, 1815, he was the son of a merchant and
planter in Danielsville, Georgia. He graduated second in
his class from the University of Georgia. He received his
medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in
1839, and studied surgery in New York City.
• He experimented with sulfuric ether, and, on March 30,
1842, he used it surgically for the rst time to remove a
tumor from a boy’s neck.
• In 1849 medical journals reported similar
work by a Boston dentist. When Congress
introduced legislation granting the dentist
$100,000 for this discovery, others claimed
the reward. Long, who had not published
the results of his work, then did so in the
Southern Medical Journal. Recognizing
Long’s priority, others withdrew their
claims and Congress dropped the bill.
A research pamphlet later published
by Johns Hopkins University
substantiated Long’s claim.
• Long moved to Athens, Georgia,
acquiring a large practice and an
apothecary shop. He also began
to use ether in obstetrical cases
and did much charitable work
among the poor.
• Long died on June 16, 1878, of
heart failure at the bedside of a
mother who had just given birth.
GEORGIA STATUES
GEORGIA
12 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Kamehameha I
Thomas R. Gould, Capitol Visitor Center, 1969*
King Kamehameha I was born at Kokoiki about 1758.
He grew into a courageous warrior and was said to
have overturned the huge Naha Stone in Hilo. According
to native belief, such a feat indicated superhuman
strength and foreshadowed the inevitable conquest of
all of Hawai’i.
• During a struggle between rival forces and the
various chiefs under the leadership of Kamehameha,
Kamehameha attained control of half the
Island of Hawai’i.
• During the struggle, Kamehameha’s “divine
right” was exemplied by a rare
explosive eruption of
Kilauea Volcano, which
wiped out parts of the
opposing army.
• By 1810, he had unied all
the inhabited islands of Hawai’i
under his rule.
• As king, Kamehameha placed
capable followers in charge of
large districts. He encouraged
trade and peaceful activities,
and he presided over the
opening of Hawai’i to the
rest of the world.
• On May 8, 1819, King
Kamehameha I died. His
remains were hidden with such
secrecy, according to ancient
custom, that “only the stars
know his nal resting place.”
Father Damien
Marisol Escobar, Hall of Columns, 1969*
Father Damien was born Joseph de Veuster in Tremeloo,
Belgium, on January 3, 1840. The son of well-to-do
parents, he entered the Sacred Hearts Congregation
at Louvain in January 1859 and ve years later was
ordained a priest in the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace
in Honolulu.
• On May 10, 1873, Father Damien traveled with
Bishop Maigret and a shipload of lepers to Molokai.
After two days Damien was willing to devote the rest
of his life to the leper settlement. Father Damien
accomplished amazing feats while residing on Molokai.
Six chapels were built by 1875. He constructed a
home for boys and later a home for girls. He bandaged
wounds, made cons, dug graves, heard confessions,
and said Mass every morning.
• In December 1884, Father Damien noticed severe
blisters on his feet without the presence of
pain. As he suspected, the disease was leprosy.
• Father Damien died peacefully on April
15, 1889, on Molokai after sixteen years
of undaunted dedication.
• On October 11, 2009, Father Damien
was canonized (i.e., elevated to
sainthood) by Pope Benedict XVI
in a ceremony at the Vatican, thus
becoming Saint Damien.
HAWAII STATUES
H AWA II
13 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
George Laird Shoup
Frederick E. Triebel, National Statuary Hall, 1910*
George Laird Shoup was born in Kittaning, Pennsylvania,
on June 24, 1836. During the Civil War he enlisted
with the independent scouts working in New Mexico,
Colorado, and Texas. He was commissioned colonel when
the Third Colorado Cavalry was formed and took part in
the battles of Apache Cañon and Sand Creek.
• After the war Shoup settled in Salmon, Idaho, a city
that he helped found.
• Shoup was appointed commissioner to
organize Lemhi County, and in 1874 he
was elected to the territorial legislature.
• With few interruptions, he served on the
Republican National Committee for
Idaho from 1880 to 1904.
• On April 1, 1889, President
Harrison appointed him governor
of Idaho Territory; he was elected
governor after the ratication of
Idaho’s statehood.
• As a U.S. senator from 1890 to
1901, his many interests included
pensions, education, and military
aairs. He was chairman of the
Committee on Territories and he
advocated liberal and just treatment
of the Indians.
William Edgar Borah
Bryant Baker, Capitol Visitor Center, 1947*
William Edgar Borah was born on June 29, 1865, on a
farm in Jasper, Illinois. His schooling included the Wayne
County common schools and the Southern Illinois
Academy at Eneld. Graduating from the University of
Kansas at Lawrence in 1889, he studied law and was
admitted to the bar in September 1890. After practicing
law in Lyons, Kansas, and Boise, Idaho, Borah was
elected to the U.S. Senate in 1907 and served until 1940.
• A member of the Republican National Committee from
1908 to 1912, he was a delegate to the 1912 Republican
National Convention.
• As a senator he was dedicated to
principles rather than party loyalty.
He disliked entangling alliances in
foreign policy and became a prominent
isolationist. He encouraged the
formation of a series of world
economic conferences and favored
a low tari.
• From 1925 to 1933, Borah
served as the Chairman of
the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee. Domestically, he
sponsored bills that created the
Department of Labor and the
Children’s Bureau. He was one
of the Senators responsible for
uncovering the scandals of the
Harding Administration.
• Borah supported Roosevelt’s New
Deal, especially old age pensions
and the reduced gold content of
the dollar.
IDAHO STATUES
IDAHO
14 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Frances E. Willard
Helen Farnsworth Mears, National Statuary Hall, 1905*
A pioneer in the temperance movement, Frances E.
Willard is also remembered for her contributions to
higher education.
• She attended the Female College of Milwaukee for one
year and nished her college degree at the Woman’s
College of Northwestern University.
• She taught at Genesee Wesleyan Seminary in 1866–1867
before returning to the Evanston College for Women,
where she served as president from 1871 to 1874.
• Willard gained a reputation as an eective orator and
social reformer.
• She became associated in the evangelist
movement with Dwight Moody
and was elected president of the
National Women’s Temperance
Union in 1879.
• Her zeal sustained her ght for
prohibition, and she organized
the Prohibition Party in 1882.
During the same year she was
elected president of the National
Council of Women.
• She later founded and served as
president of the Women’s Christian
Temperance Union in 1883.
• Her statue was the rst
honoring a woman to be
chosen for the National
Statuary Hall Collection.
James Shields
Leonard W. Volk, Hall of Columns, 1893*
James Shields, born on May 12, 1806, emigrated from
Ireland as a young man. He taught school, studied law,
and was admitted to practice.
• He served in the Illinois House of Representatives
in 1836, became the state auditor in 1839, and was
a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from
1843 to 1845.
• While serving in the Illinois House, Shields met
Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln
was a Whig and Shields was a Democrat;
the two clashed rhetorically and once even
scheduled a duel.
• Shields served in the Mexican
War and was injured in the Battle
of Cheruhisco.
• He served briey as governor of
the Oregon Territory before being
elected to the U.S. Senate, where he
represented Illinois for one term.
Defeated for re-election, he then
moved to Minnesota, where he
served from 1858 to 1859 as one
of the rst senators from that state.
• During the Civil War Shields served
as a brigadier general with the
Union Army.
• After the war he continued his active
political life. He was a member
of the Missouri legislature and
served as senator from Missouri
in 1879, thus becoming the
only senator to have represented
three states.
• He died in oce on June 1, 1879.
ILLINOIS STATUES
ILLINOIS
15 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Lewis (Lew) Wallace
Andrew O’Connor, National Statuary Hall, 1910*
Lewis (Lew) Wallace was born in Brookville, Indiana,
on April 10, 1827.
• He became a reporter for the Indianapolis Daily Journal
for one year, but when the Mexican War broke out he
left to raise a company of soldiers.
• After the war Wallace served as a member of the
Indiana state Senate from 1856 to 1860.
• A general during the Civil War, he was
distinguished as a leader and ghter, and
he was credited with saving Washington,
D.C. from the Confederate Army
in September 1862. In July 1864,
following his defeat at the Battle of
Monocacy in Maryland, he slowed
the Confederate advance toward
Washington, D.C., giving the city
time to ready its defenses.
• He also served on the court-
martial tribunal that tried the
accomplices of John Wilkes Booth,
President Lincoln’s assassin.
• Wallace served as governor of
New Mexico Territory from
1878 to 1881 and as the
minister to Turkey from
1881 to 1885.
• His book, Ben Hur, made
him one of the most
noted authors in America.
Over 300,000 copies were
sold within 10 years of
its publication, and it
continues to be a favorite
adventure story.
Oliver Hazard Perry Morton
Charles H. Niehaus, Senate Wing, rst oor, 1900*
The full name of this colorful governor of Indiana and
United States senator was Oliver Hazard Perry Throck
Morton. He was born on August 4, 1823. His mother
died when he was three, and he went to live with his
maternal grandparents, from whom he received a strict
Scotch Presbyterian upbringing. He suered a number of
nancial reversals as a young man but was eventually able
to complete his law studies.
• Morton’s entry into the political arena coincided with
the inception of the Republican Party.
• He served as governor of Indiana for six years
(1861–1867) and was a loyal supporter of the
Union’s eorts during the Civil War.
• He was a United States senator from
1867 to 1877.
• Morton became a controversial gure
with his attitude toward paper money.
He was considered “soft” because he
favored issuing paper money with no
backing during dicult times.
• In 1877, he participated as
a member of the Electoral
Commission appointed to
determine the outcome of that
contested presidential election.
• Oliver Morton died of a stroke on
November 1, 1877, while on a trip
to Oregon investigating charges of
bribery made against a newly elected
senator from that state.
INDIANA STATUES
INDIANA
16 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Norman E. Borlaug
Benjamin Victor, National Statuary Hall, 2014*
Dr. Norman E. Borlaug is called “the father of the
Green Revolution” because of his work to increase food
production and combat world hunger. From the 1940s
through the 1960s, this “Green Revolution” advanced
agricultural production by developing and distributing
improved grains, seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides;
expanding irrigation; and modernizing agricultural
management. It has been credited with saving as many
as a billion people from starvation.
• Born on March 25, 1914, on a farm near Cresco,
Iowa, Borlaug worked his way through the University
of Minnesota, never forgetting his arrival there
during the Great Depression, when desperate
people were begging for food. That memory and
his 1935 experience in the Civilian Conservation
Corps, where many of the people working for
him were starving, would have a profound
inuence on his life’s work.
• He worked as a microbiologist investigating
fungicides and preservatives for the du
Pont de Nemours Foundation and then
as a geneticist and plant pathologist for
the Cooperative Wheat Research and
Production Program. In the latter position
he developed mutation techniques that
adapted crops to specic climate regions,
leading to dramatic increases in crop yields
in Latin America, the Near and Middle
East, Africa and Asia.
• Borlaug was one of only three
Americans awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize (1970), the Presidential
Medal of Freedom (1977), and the
Congressional Gold Medal (2007).
• He died at the age of 95 on
September 12, 2009.
Samuel Jordan Kirkwood
Vinnie Ream, Hall of Columns, 1913*
Born on December 20, 1813, Samuel Kirkwood became
famous as the governor of Iowa during the Civil War. In
1823 young Samuel was sent to Washington, D.C., for
four years to study Latin and Greek. He then taught for a
year and worked as a drug clerk. He returned to his family
after they suered a number of nancial reversals. In
1843 after studying law, he was admitted to the bar.
• In 1855, Kirkwood moved to Iowa at the urging
of his wife.
• A year later he became a member of the Iowa
Senate, serving until 1859.
• He was governor of Iowa from 1860 to 1864 and
from 1876 to 1877.
• Kirkwood declined appointment as
minister to Denmark in 1863 because
he wanted to run for the United States
Senate. He was appointed to complete the
unexpired Senate term of James Harlan,
who accepted the position of secretary of
the interior.
• Kirkwood was reelected governor and
later returned to the United States
Senate after the 1876 election.
• He was appointed secretary of the
interior, but resigned in 1882.
• In 1886 he was an unsuccessful candidate
for Congress.
IOWA STATUES
IOWA
17 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
John James Ingalls
Charles H. Niehaus, National Statuary Hall, 1905*
John James Ingalls was born in Middleton, Massachusetts,
on December 29, 1833. He graduated from Williams
College in 1855. He studied law and was admitted to the
bar in 1857. Moving to Kansas Territory, Ingalls settled in
Atchison in 1860.
• He joined the anti-slavery forces and worked to make
Kansas a free state.
• He was a member of the Wyandotte constitutional
convention in 1859 and is reputed to have coined the
state motto, Ad Astra per Aspera.
• When Kansas was admitted to the Union in
1861, he became secretary of the rst state
Senate and state senator in 1862.
• During the Civil War he served as
judge advocate in the Kansas militia.
• As an editor of the Atchison
newspaper, Freedom’s Champion,
for three years, he won a
national reputation for a series of
magazine articles.
• Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1873,
Ingalls served for 18 years. He
supported labor and agriculture
against monopolies. He also favored
the Interstate Commerce Act and
the Civil Service Law.
• In 1877 Ingalls was elected
president pro tempore of
the Senate.
Dwight David Eisenhower
Jim Brothers, Rotunda, 2003*
Dwight David Eisenhower was born in Denison, Texas,
on October 14, 1890. His family moved to Abilene,
Kansas, when he was less than a year old. He was a star
halfback at the Military Academy at West Point until a
knee injury ended his football career.
• In June 1942 Eisenhower was given command of all
U.S. forces in the European Theater of Operations.
He directed the invasions of Africa, Sicily, and Italy
and then was called to take command of Supreme
Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, in
preparation for the invasion of France.
After the success of the D-Day landing,
he continued to direct the Allied forces
through the end of the war.
• Eisenhower commanded the
occupation forces for six months
and then succeeded General
George C. Marshall as Army
chief of sta.
• He was selected to command
NATO military forces.
• In 1952 he was elected the nation’s
thirty-fourth president; he was
reelected in 1956.
• The campaign slogan “I Like Ike”
reected widespread appreciation
of Eisenhower’s sincerity, generosity,
and kindness.
• His time in oce saw the end of the
Korean War, the continuation of
the Cold War, and the beginning
of school desegregation.
• He died on March 28, 1969, and is
buried in Abilene, Kansas.
KANSAS STATUES
KANSAS
18 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Ephraim McDowell
Charles H. Niehaus, Capitol Visitor Center, 1929*
Ephraim McDowell was born in Rockbridge County,
Virginia, on November 11, 1771. McDowell, interested in
medicine, studied at the Seminary of Worley and James
and attended lectures in medicine at the University of
Edinburgh, Scotland, from 1793 to 1794. Although he
did not receive a degree from Edinburgh, he pursued his
interest in anatomy and surgery.
• McDowell practiced surgery and was a pioneer in
abdominal surgical techniques, performing the rst
ovariotomy in the United States in 1809.
• One of his most famous patients was James K. Polk,
for whom he removed a gall stone and
repaired a hernia.
• McDowell was a member of the
Philadelphia Medical Society in 1817
and a founder of Centre College in
Danville, Kentucky, in 1819.
• He was also well known for his
generosity, and he performed
considerable work for charity.
• In June 1830 McDowell was stricken
with an acute attack of violent pain,
nausea, and fever. He died on June 25,
most likely a victim of appendicitis.
• Dr. McDowell was the great-
great grandfather of General
John Campbell Greenway, whose
statue was placed in the National
Statuary Hall collection by the state
of Arizona.
Henry Clay
Charles H. Niehaus, National Statuary Hall, 1929*
Henry Clay was born in Hanover County, Virginia,
on April 12, 1777. His only formal education was three
years at a small school. After his father died, his mother
remarried and Clay moved to Richmond. His stepfather
secured him a position with the clerk of the High
Court of Chancery. Inspired, Clay began law studies
in 1796, nished a year later, and quickly earned a
reputation as a skillful lawyer. In 1797 Clay moved to
Lexington, Kentucky.
• He was elected a U. S. senator for a short term
in 1806–1807. He then returned to serve in the
Kentucky legislature from 1808 to 1809. He
served in the United States Senate from 1810
to 1811; from 1831 to 1842; and from 1849
to 1852. Clay had the distinction of also
serving as a member of the U.S. House of
Representatives from 1811 to 1821 and
from 1823 to 1825; he was Speaker of
the House from 1811 to 1820.
• Clay served as a member of the
Ghent Peace Commission.
• President John Quincy Adams
appointed him Secretary of State
from 1825 to 1829.
• He ran as the Whig nominee for
President in 1832.
• Clay was author of the Missouri
Compromise of 1820 and the
Compromise of 1850.
• Henry Clay died on June 29, 1852,
and was the rst person to lie in
state in the Rotunda.
KENTUCKY STATUES
KENTUCKY
19 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Huey Pierce Long
Charles Keck, National Statuary Hall, 1941*
Huey Long, “The Kingsh,” was born in Winneld,
Louisiana, on August 30, 1893, to a poor farm family
of strong religious convictions. He attended the local
public schools. At the age of 16 he was on his own as a
door-to-door salesman. He studied law for six months at
the University of Oklahoma in 1912; he later nished
the course at Tulane University and was admitted to the
bar in 1915.
• An energetic campaigner, Long became popular for his
grassroots oratory.
• He was elected governor in 1928, campaigning
on a platform of free schoolbooks,
paved roads, and improved hospitals.
• As governor he enlarged the state
university at Baton Rouge to
accommodate more students.
• His rise to power during the
Depression years capitalized on the
people’s needs.
• His bold use of authority and state
funds nearly led to his impeachment in
1929, but proceedings collapsed in the
state senate.
• Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1930, he did
not take his seat until January 1932. His
proposed “Share Our Wealth” program,
which promised every family $5000 and
the conscation of large estates, made
him a presidential prospect for 1936.
• At the height of his power, while
visiting the state house in Baton
Rouge, Long was assassinated.
• He died on September 10, 1935,
and is buried on the grounds of the
state capitol.
Edward Douglass White
Arthur C. Morgan, Capitol Visitor Center, 1955*
Edward Douglass White was born on November 3, 1845,
in Louisiana. He was educated at Mount St. Mary’s
College in Maryland; at Jesuit College in New Orleans;
and at Georgetown College (now University) in
Washington, D.C. In 1861 he left school and enlisted
in the Confederate Army. After the war he studied law,
and in 1868 he was admitted to the bar.
• He served in the state Senate from 1874 to 1879 and on
the Louisiana Supreme Court from 1879 to 1880.
• He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1890 and
served until 1894, when he was appointed to the
Supreme Court by President Cleveland.
• Appointed chief justice by President Taft
in 1910, he was the rst justice to be so
elevated, and he served until his death.
• White’s 27 years on the high court
spanned a period of rapid social
and economic change, including the
development and expansion of the
powers of the federal government.
• His commitment to nationalism
was particularly evident in decisions
regarding congressional power over
interstate commerce.
• His major contribution to jurisprudence
was the 1911 “rule of reason” decision,
applied to anti-trust cases. He also
supported a federal income tax.
• White died in Washington, D.C., on
May 19, 1921.
LOUISIANA STATUES
* Indicates year that the statue
was added to the collection.
LOUISIANA
20 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
William King
Franklin Simmons, House connecting corridor, second oor, 1878*
William King was born on February 9, 1768, in
Scarboro, Maine, then still part of Massachusetts. His
formal education was limited, ending at the age of 13.
An enterprising nature compensated for his lack of
schooling. He became the largest ship owner in Maine
and a successful merchant. King also owned extensive real
estate, was a principal owner of Maine’s rst cotton mill
in Brunswick, and was a founder and president of Bath’s
rst bank.
• Active in local politics beginning in 1795, he served in
Massachusetts General Court, representing Topsham in
1795 and 1799 and Bath in 1804.
• He served twice as state senator for
Lincoln County, from 1807 to 1811 and
1818 to 1819.
• During the War of 1812 he served
as major general in the militia and
provided recruiting assistance as a
colonel in the United States Army.
• In 1813, King began the eort
for which he is best remembered.
King worked for seven years for
Maine’s statehood, which was
granted in 1820.
• Elected its rst governor, King
served until 1821, when he was
appointed commissioner to work
on the treaty with Spain, a post he
held for three years.
• He was a trustee of Waterville
(now Colby College) and trustee
and overseer of Bowdoin College.
• King died on June 17, 1852.
Hannibal Hamlin
Charles E. Tet, National Statuary Hall, 1935*
Hannibal Hamlin was born August 27, 1809, at Paris
Hill, Maine. He attended the local schools and Hebron
Academy, studied law in Portland, and was admitted to
the bar in 1833. Moving to Hampden, he set up a law
practice that ourished.
• He served as the Hampden representative in the
legislature from 1836 to 1841 and in 1847.
• In 1842 he was elected to Congress, and he served
for ve years.
• While he was serving in the state legislature in 1848,
Hamlin was elected to serve the balance of Senator
Faireld’s term and was reelected in 1851.
• He served briey as Governor of Maine in
1857, but resigned to return to the Senate.
• He served with distinction as Lincoln’s
rst vice president.
• He returned to the Senate in 1869
and served until 1881, when he
became Minister to Spain.
• Following this last political
appointment, he returned to his
home in Bangor.
• For 16 years he was a regent of
the Smithsonian Institution, and
for 20 years he was dean of the
Board of Regents for Waterville
College, now Colby College.
• Hamlin died on July 4, 1891,
in Bangor.
MAINE STATUES
MAINE
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
21 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
John Hanson
Richard E. Brooks, Hall of Columns, 1903
Born in Charles County, Maryland, on April 3, 1715,
John Hanson became one of the strongest colonial
advocates of independence. While serving in the
Maryland Assembly from 1757 to 1773 he was active in
raising troops and providing arms.
• In 1779 Hanson served as a delegate to the Continental
Congress, where he helped to resolve the western lands
issue, thereby facilitating the ratication of the Articles
of Confederation.
• From 1781 to 1782 he was “President
of the United States in Congress
Assembled” under the Articles
of Confederation.
• As the presiding ocer of Congress,
Hanson was responsible for
initiating a number of programs
that helped America gain a
world position.
• During his tenure the rst consular
service was established, a post oce
department was initiated; a national
bank was chartered; progress was
made towards taking the rst census;
and a uniform system of coinage
was adopted.
• Hanson died on November 15,
1783, at the age of 68.
Charles Carroll
Richard E. Brooks, Crypt, 1903
Charles Carroll, statesman and signer of the Declaration
of Independence, was born on September 19, 1737,
in Annapolis, Maryland. He was educated in Paris and
London, where he studied civil law. He returned to
Maryland in 1765 to assume control of the family estate,
one of the largest in the colonies. As a Roman Catholic,
he was barred from entering politics, practicing law, and
voting. However, writing in the Maryland Gazette under
the pseudonym “First Citizen,” he became a prominent
spokesman against the governor’s proclamation increasing
legal fees to state ocers and Protestant clergy.
• He was commissioned with Benjamin Franklin
and Samuel Chase in February 1774 to seek aid
from Canada.
• He was appointed a delegate to the
Continental Congress on July 4, 1776,
and was the only Catholic who signed
the Declaration of Independence.
• He resigned in 1778 to serve in the
Maryland State Assembly and helped
draft the Maryland constitution.
• Carroll served as Maryland’s rst
Senator from 1789 to 1792 but
retired to manage his extensive
estates; work for a canal to the West;
and serve on the rst Board of
Directors of the Baltimore
& Ohio Railroad.
• He died on November 14, 1832,
the last surviving signer of the
Declaration of Independence.
MARYLAND STATUES
MARYLAND
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
22 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
John Winthrop
Richard S. Greenough, Hall of Columns, 1876*
John Winthrop was born in Suolk County, England, on
January 12, 1587 or 1588. He attended Trinity College,
Cambridge, and was admitted to Gray’s Inn in 1613.
Winthrop’s Puritan convictions led him to take an interest
in the new Massachusetts Bay Colony in the New World.
• He was appointed governor of the colony in 1629.
He left England the next year to take his new post
in Massachusetts.
• Winthrop was the foremost political leader in the colony
for nearly 20 years, including 12 non-consecutive terms
as governor.
• Winthrop’s views diered on occasion
from those of the clergy; these disputes
led to an eventual inquiry into dissension
in the colony, with the result that
Winthrop agreed to follow Puritan
ideals more closely.
• At the same time, the colony had
come under criticism in England.
Winthrop successfully argued for its
continuation in a letter to the Lords
Commissioners for Plantations.
• In 1640 he held a post with the Court
of Assistants, and in 1642 he was
elected to the chief magistracy.
• In 1645 Winthrop was instrumental
in forming the United Colonies and
served as its rst president.
Samuel Adams
Anne Whitney, Crypt, 1876*
Born in Boston on September 27, 1722, Samuel Adams
entered Harvard at the age of 14 and received his degree
in 1740. There he was profoundly aected by John
Locke’s doctrine that “every citizen is endowed with
natural rights to life, liberty, and property.” In 1765 John
Hancock and Samuel Adams founded the Sons of Liberty.
• Adams led the opposition to the Sugar Act in 1764, the
Stamp Act of 1765, and the Townshend Acts of 1767.
• In 1772 he was one of the leading forces behind the
Non-Importation Association and the Boston Tea Party.
• Adams served as a member of the Massachusetts
General Court from 1765 to 1775 and as a
member of the Continental Congress from
1774 to 1781, where he voted for and signed
the Declaration of Independence.
• Adams returned to Boston in 1781 to
serve in the state senate.
• His inuence diminished after the
revolution. He was defeated in a bid
for Congress in 1788, but he became
a member of the convention to ratify
the Constitution.
• From 1789 to 1793 Adams served
as lieutenant governor under John
Hancock; he served as governor from
1794 to 1797.
• “The Father of the American Revolution”
retired from public life in 1797.
• He died in Boston on October 2, 1803.
MASSACHUSETTS STATUES
MASSACHUSETTS
23 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Gerald R. Ford
J. Brett Grill, Rotunda, 2011*
Gerald R. Ford, thirty-eighth president of the United
States, was the rst person to assume the oces of vice
president and president upon the resignation of his
predecessors. This followed 25 years of service in
Congress, including eight as House minority leader.
• He enlisted in the Navy in 1942 after the Japanese
attack on Pearl Harbor. His service included time on an
aircraft carrier that saw action in the Pacic until the
carrier was irreparably damaged by a typhoon and re.
• In 1948 Ford married Elizabeth (“Betty”) Bloomer and
was elected to the rst of 13 terms in the U.S. House
of Representatives.
• Upon the resignation of Vice President
Spiro Agnew, President Richard Nixon
selected him to ll the vacancy,
and he was conrmed by the
House and Senate as required by
the twenty-fth amendment to
the Constitution.
• On August 9, 1974, Nixon himself
left oce because of the ongoing
Watergate scandal, and Ford assumed
the presidency. Among the challenges
he faced were low public condence
in the government, economic ination,
conict in the Middle East, the fall of
South Vietnam and Cambodia, and an
increasing Soviet military threat.
• He ran for election to a full term in 1976
but was defeated.
• He died on December 26, 2006,
at his home in Rancho Mirage,
California. He lay in state in the
Capitol Rotunda from December 30,
2006, to January 2, 2007.
Lewis Cass
Daniel Chester French, National Statuary Hall, 1889*
Born October 9, 1782, Lewis Cass was the eldest child
of Jonathan Cass, a craftsman who had fought in the
Revolution. Young Lewis attended Exeter Academy,
where he became close friends with Daniel Webster.
By 1808 Cass had opened a law practice in Marietta,
Ohio. He was a member of the Ohio Legislature in 1806
and served as the United States Marshal in Ohio from
1807 to 1812.
• He enthusiastically fought in the War of 1812 and was
appointed a colonel in the Third Ohio Regiment.
• He became a brigadier general in the United States
Army a year later.
• He was appointed governor of the Territory
of Michigan in 1813 and served until 1831.
His tenure was marked by good relations
with the numerous Indian tribes under
his jurisdiction.
• Cass served as the Secretary of War
from 1831 to 1836 and as minister
to France in 1836.
• Elected to the United States Senate
in 1845, he served until 1857.
• In 1848 the noted senator was the
unsuccessful Democratic nominee
for president.
• He served as Buchanan’s secretary of
state from 1857–1860 but resigned in
protest against the president’s decision
not to reinforce the Charleston forts.
• He was a strong supporter of the
Union and lived long enough to
see the outcome of the Civil War.
• He died on June 17, 1866.
MICHIGAN STATUES
MICHIGAN
24 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Maria L. Sanford
Evelyn Raymond, Capitol Visitor Center, 1958*
Maria Sanford was born on December 19, 1836. Her
love for education began early; at the age of 16 she was
already teaching in county day schools. She graduated
from Connecticut Normal School. She rose in the ranks
of local and national educators, becoming principal
and superintendent of schools in Chester County,
Pennsylvania, and serving as professor of history at
Swarthmore College from 1871 to 1880.
• She was one of the rst women named to a
college professorship.
• During her tenure at the University of Minnesota
(1880–1909) Sanford was a professor of rhetoric
and elocution, and she lectured on literature
and art history.
• She was a champion of women’s rights,
supported the education of blacks,
pioneered the concept of adult
education, and became a founder of
parent-teacher organizations.
• Sanford was also a leader in the
conservation and beautication
program of her new state.
• She traveled throughout the United
States delivering more than 1,000
patriotic speeches.
• She died on April 21, 1920.
• In June of that year the University
of Minnesota held a memorial
convocation in her honor. She was
called “the best loved woman of the
North Star State.”
Henry Mower Rice
Frederick E. Triebel, National Statuary Hall, 1916*
Henry Rice was born on November 29, 1816. When
he was 18, he moved to Detroit and participated in the
surveying of the canal route around the rapids of Sault
Ste. Marie between Lake Superior and Lake Huron.
• In 1839 he became a fur trader with the Winnebago
and Chippewa Indians, attaining a position of
prominence and inuence.
• Rice was trusted by the Indians, and he was
instrumental in negotiating the United States treaty
with the Ojibway Indians in 1847.
• He lobbied for the bill to establish Minnesota Territory
and then served as its delegate to the U.S.
Congress from 1853 to 1857.
• His work on the Minnesota Enabling
Act during those years facilitated
Minnesota’s statehood.
• In 1858 Rice was elected one of its
rst senators. He served until 1863.
• Rice also served as a member of the
board of regents of the University
of Minnesota from 1851 to 1859
and was president of the Minnesota
Historical Society.
• As a United States Commissioner
during 1887–1888 he continued to
negotiate treaties with the Indians.
• He died on January 15, 1894, while
on a visit to San Antonio, Texas.
MINNESOTA STATUES
MINNESOTA
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
25 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
James Zachariah George
Augustus Lukeman, Capitol Visitor Center, 1931*
James Zachariah George, Mississippi’s “Great
Commoner,” was born on October 20, 1826. He served
as a private in the Mexican War under Jeerson Davis.
On his return, George studied law and was admitted to
the bar. In 1854 he became a reporter of the Supreme
Court of Mississippi, and over the next 20 years he
prepared a 10-volume digest of its cases.
• As a member of the Mississippi Secession Convention,
he signed the Ordinance of Secession.
• A Confederate colonel during the Civil War, he was
captured twice and spent two years in prison, where he
conducted a law course for his fellow prisoners.
• In 1879 he was appointed to the Mississippi
Supreme Court and immediately was chosen
chief justice by his colleagues.
• From 1881 until his death he
represented Mississippi in the
United States Senate, where he was
recognized for his skills in debate,
helped frame the future Sherman
Anti-Trust Act, introduced the bill for
agricultural college experiment stations,
and encouraged the establishment of
the Department of Agriculture.
• He also served as a member of the
Mississippi Constitutional Convention
of 1890 and successfully defended the
constitution before the Senate and
the Supreme Court.
• George died on August 14,
1897, in Mississippi City,
Mississippi, where he had
gone for health treatment.
Jeerson Davis
Augustus Lukeman, National Statuary Hall, 1931*
Jeerson Davis was born June 3, 1808. He was raised on
his family’s small plantation near Woodville, Mississippi.
He studied at St. Thomas College, Kentucky, and at
Transylvania University before graduating from the
United States Military Academy in 1828. He served in the
Army until 1835, when he became a planter.
• He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in
1845 but resigned the following year to command the
“Mississippi Ries” in the Mexican War.
• From 1847 to 1851 he served as a U.S. senator.
• As Secretary of War for President Franklin Pierce
(1853–1857) he strengthened the Army and coastal
defenses, directed railroad surveys, and supervised the
enlarging of the U.S. Capitol and the construction
of a water viaduct in Washington, D.C.
• He re-entered the Senate in 1857 and was
recognized as a spokesman for the South.
• When Mississippi seceded, Davis resigned
and accepted command of Mississippi’s
military forces.
• He was elected president of the
Confederate States.
• When the Confederacy surrendered,
Davis was captured and imprisoned
in Fort Monroe for two years, indicted
for treason (but never brought to trial),
and nally released on bond in 1867.
• After travel abroad, he made his home at
“Beauvoir,” near Biloxi, Mississippi, and
wrote Rise and Fall of the Confederated States.
• Jeerson Davis died in New Orleans on
December 6, 1889.
MISSISSIPPI STATUES
MISSISSIPPI
26 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Francis Preston Blair
Alexander Doyle, Hall of Columns, 1899*
Francis Blair was born on February 19, 1821, in Lexington,
Kentucky. He attended schools in Washington, D.C.,
graduated from Princeton University in 1841, and studied
law at Transylvania University. After his admission to the
bar in Lexington, he went on to practice in St. Louis in 1842.
• Blair participated in the Mexican War and was
appointed attorney general for the New Mexican
Territory after it was secured by General Kearny.
• A personal and political friend of Thomas Hart Benton,
he became known for his views opposing slavery.
• He also was an outspoken Free-Soiler and was elected to
the U.S. House of Representatives in 1852. He
was defeated in 1858 but reelected in 1860.
• In 1861 he was instrumental in saving
Missouri for the Union.
• He served as a major general in
the United States Army during the
Civil War.
• At the close of the war, Blair,
having spent much of his private
fortune in support of the Union, was
nancially ruined.
• He was the unsuccessful Democratic
candidate for vice president in 1868, but he
was chosen by the Missouri Legislature as a
United States senator in 1871.
• He was defeated for reelection
in 1873. During the same year he
was stricken with paralysis, from
which he never recovered.
• Blair died on July 9, 1875.
Thomas Hart Benton
Alexander Doyle, National Statuary Hall, 1899*
Thomas Hart Benton, born March 14, 1782, was one
of the most colorful statesmen of the 19th century.
As a young man, Benton was left in charge of consid-
erable land holdings. He established a law practice and
served as a colonel in the War of 1812 under General
Andrew Jackson.
• Moving to St. Louis in 1815, he practiced law and
edited the second newspaper west of the Mississippi.
• An active supporter of statehood, he was elected one
of the rst two senators from Missouri in 1820 and
served for 30 years.
• He championed the cause of the
yeoman farmer and the interests of
the western territories.
• The demarcation of the United States-
Canadian border at the 49° parallel was
in accordance with his proposal.
• He was recognized as a Senate
leader for the Jackson and Van
Buren administrations and an
orator to challenge Clay, Webster,
and Calhoun.
• In 1850 it was Benton’s outspoken
anti-slavery views that cost him his
Senate seat.
• In 1852 he was elected to the House of
Representatives and served one term.
• From 1855 until his death he
wrote Thirty Years and Abridgement of
Debates of Congress from 1789 to 1856
and lectured.
• Thomas Hart Benton died on
April 10, 1858.
MISSOURI STATUES
MISSOURI
27 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Jeannette Rankin
Terry Mimnaugh, Capitol Visitor Center, 1985*
Jeannette Rankin was born on June 11, 1880, near
Missoula, Montana. Educated in the public schools, she
graduated from the University of Montana in 1902 and
studied at the School of Philanthropy in New York City.
• She undertook social work in Seattle, Washington, in
1909 and in subsequent years worked for women’s
surage in Washington, California, and Montana.
• She traveled to New Zealand in 1915 and gained
rst-hand knowledge of social conditions by working
as a seamstress.
• In 1916, Rankin became the rst woman elected to the
U.S. House of Representatives, four years
before women gained the right to vote.
• She was an unsuccessful candidate for the
Republican Senate nomination in 1918,
engaged in social work for the next
three decades, and was re-elected to
the House in 1940.
• She did not seek re-election in 1942.
• In her last 30 years she was a rancher,
a lecturer, and a lobbyist for peace and
women’s rights.
• Rankin supported the cause of peace
throughout her life.
• She voted against America’s entry
into World Wars I and II, and she
was the only member of Congress
to oppose the declaration of war on
Japan. She noted, “As a woman I
can’t go to war…I refuse to send
someone else.”
• She died in Carmel, California, on
May 18, 1973.
Charles Marion Russell
John B. Weaver, National Statuary Hall, 1959*
Charles Marion Russell, noted American cowboy artist,
was born on March 19, 1864. At the age of 16 he went to
Montana to fulll his dream of being a cowboy. While on
the range, he began sketching to amuse his companions.
As his natural talent matured, his watercolors and oils
became popular. Gradually, painting became his life’s
work. He never became a skillful cowhand, despite his
16 years of eort.
• In 1896, after marrying Nancy Cooper, who became his
business manager, he settled down and built a studio in
Great Falls, Montana.
• His works portrayed Indians, cattle round-ups, and the
sort of frontier scenes that people in eastern
cities found fascinating.
• His paintings, rst sold in saloons
and general stores, soon were used as
illustrations in newspapers and began
to appear in art galleries in New York,
Boston, Chicago, and Los Angeles.
He became famous.
• Several of his paintings were
exhibited at the St. Louis
World’s Fair in 1904 and at the
London Doré Galleries in 1914.
• By 1920 a painting of Russell’s could sell
for $10,000.
• Russell was also a superb sculptor.
• By 1904 his small wax gures of mounted
cowboys, Indians, and animals were being
cast in bronze and sold by Tiany and Co.
in New York.
• Russell died on October 24, 1926, in
Great Falls, Montana.
MONTANA STATUES
MONTANA
28 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
Julius Sterling Morton
Rudulph Evans, Capitol Visitor Center, 1937*
Julius Sterling Morton was born on April 22, 1832, in
Adams, Jeerson County, New York. His family migrated
west, and Morton was raised in Detroit and attended the
University of Michigan. After receiving his diploma in
1854, he moved with his bride to Nebraska, which was
not yet organized as a territory, and staked a claim in
Nebraska City. There he edited a newspaper, became a
successful farmer, helped survey the city, and was active in
territorial politics.
• He served in the territorial legislature from 1855 to 1856
and from 1856 to 1858, and he was appointed secretary
of the territory from 1858 to 1861.
• Respected as an agriculturalist, he sought to instruct
people in the modern techniques of farming and forestry.
• Among his most signicant achievements was
the founding of Arbor Day.
• He became well known in Nebraska for his
political, agricultural, and literary activities.
• He served with distinction as President
Cleveland’s Secretary of Agriculture.
He is credited with helping change
that department into a coordinated
service to farmers, and he supported
Cleveland in setting up national
forest reservations.
• In 1897 Morton planned and began to
edit the multivolume Illustrated History
of Nebraska. He also published a weekly
periodical, The Conservationist.
• He died on April 27, 1902, in Lake
Forest, Illinois, where he was seeking
health treatment.
• His home in Nebraska City is now
a state park.
Standing Bear
Benjamin Victor, National Statuary Hall, 2019*
Born around 1829 in present-day Nebraska, Chief
Standing Bear of the Ponca tribe was the central gure of
an 1879 court case that established that Native Americans
are “persons” under the law and are entitled to the same
rights as anyone else in the nation.
• In 1877 the U.S. Government forced the Poncas’
relocation, causing starvation and disease that claimed
almost a third of the tribe, including Standing Bear’s
rst son, Bear Shield. Standing Bear and several dozen
followers were arrested trying to honor his son's wish
that he be buried in his Nebraska birthplace. Defense
attorneys challenged the detention in U.S. District
Court. The government responded that Standing Bear
had no right to sue because an Indian
was not a “person” under the meaning
of the law.
• The case of United States ex rel. Standing
Bear v. Crook was tried May 1-2, 1879.
Standing Bear's statement evoked our
common humanity: “My hand is not
the color of yours, but if I pierce it,
I shall feel pain. If you pierce your
hand, you also feel pain. The blood
that will ow from mine will be the
same color as yours. The same god
made us both. I am a man.”
• On May 12, the court ruled that
“an Indian is a PERSON.” The
Poncas were released from custody
and returned to their home along
the Niobrara River where they
buried Bear Shield's remains in his
tribe’s traditional land.
NEBRASKA STATUES
NEBRASKA
29 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Sarah Winnemucca
Benjamin Victor, Capitol Visitor Center, 2005*
Sarah Winnemucca (1844–1891) was a member of the
Paiute tribe born in what would later become the state of
Nevada. She was the daughter of Chief Winnemucca and
granddaughter of Chief Truckee. Her Paiute name was
Thocmetony (or Tocmetoni), which means “shellower.”
• Having a great facility with languages, she served as an
interpreter and negotiator between her people and the
U.S. Army.
• In 1878 when the Bannock Indians revolted and were
being pursued by the U.S. Army, Sarah volunteered for
a dangerous mission. Locating her father’s band being
forcibly held by the Bannocks, she secretly led them away
to army protection in a three-day ride over 230 miles of
rugged terrain with little food or rest.
• As a spokesperson for her people,
she gave over 300 speeches to
win support for them, and she
met with President Rutherford
B. Hayes and Secretary of the
Interior Carl Schurz in 1880.
• Her 1883 autobiography, Life among
the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims,
was the rst book written by a Native
American woman.
• She started a school for Native
Americans, where she taught children
both in their native language and
in English.
• Sarah Winnemucca died in 1891.
Patrick Anthony McCarran
Yolande Jacobson, Hall of Columns, 1960*
Patrick Anthony McCarran was born in Reno, Nevada,
on August 8, 1876. He graduated from the University
of Nevada in 1901 and was elected to the Nevada
legislature in 1903. A champion of the working man,
he sponsored the country’s rst law limiting the
working day to eight hours.
• While working as a sheep herder he studied law, and in
1905 he was admitted to the bar.
• He was district attorney in Nye County, Nevada, from
1907 to 1909 and established a law practice in Reno
in 1909.
• He served as an associate justice of the Supreme
Court of Nevada from 1913 to 1917 and was its
chief justice from 1917 to 1919. His opinions
on ngerprinting and property rights are
considered landmarks.
• Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1932,
he served until his death.
• He led the ght to prohibit President
Roosevelt from inuencing the
Supreme Court and to curb presidential
treaty-making powers.
• He sponsored laws concerned with the
nation’s security, including the Civil
Aeronautics Act of 1938; the Federal
Airport Act of 1945; the Administrative
Procedures Act of 1946; the McCarran-
Woods Act of 1950, which required
registration of communists and their
exclusion from government; and the
McCarran-Walter Act of 1952, which
tightened the immigration laws.
• McCarran died in Hawthorne,
Nevada, on September 28, 1954.
NEVADA STATUES
N E VA DA
30 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Daniel Webster
Carl Conrads (after Thomas Ball), National Statuary Hall, 1894*
Born January 18, 1782, in Salisbury, New Hampshire,
Daniel Webster was a central gure in the nation’s
history. Webster studied at Phillips Exeter Academy
before enrolling at Dartmouth in 1797. There he became
known as a forceful speaker. He studied law in Boston
and eventually began a practice in Portsmouth in 1807.
Webster prospered, achieving nancial success and
professional prestige.
• Politics soon became part of Webster’s life.
• In 1812 he was elected to the U.S. House
of Representatives, successfully combining his
political and legal careers.
• In 1822 Webster was elected to the
U.S. Senate, where he increased his
reputation as an orator. His response
in 1830 to the doctrine of nullication
and states rights made him a
prominent national gure.
• Although Webster’s more notable
eorts were performed in the Senate,
he also served in the Cabinet as
Secretary of State under Presidents
Harrison and Tyler in 1840–1843.
• Webster returned to the Senate
in 1844, and there he continued to
defend the unity of the nation with
his eloquence.
• In 1850 he was called by
President Fillmore to serve
again as Secretary of State,
the oce he held until his death
on October 24, 1852.
John Stark
Carl Conrads, Crypt, 1894*
John Stark was born in Londonderry, New Hampshire,
on August 28, 1728. Growing up in a frontier community
gave Stark the skills he would use in later life as a
successful military leader. Hunting, shing, and scouting
were among the pioneer activities necessary for survival
in the harsh wilderness.
• His rst formal military action was during the French
and Indian War, when he served with Roger’s Rangers
and attained the rank of captain.
• News of the Battle of Lexington called Stark to
war again.
• Appointed colonel of a regiment of New Hampshire
militia, he fought in several decisive battles during
the American Revolution and achieved a
reputation as a leader and shrewd tactician.
• His tactical success was due to
independence and decisiveness. By
ignoring orders, he engaged his men in
a battle whose outcome prompted
Congress to promote him to the rank
of brigadier general.
• At the end of the American Revolution, he
was elevated to major general.
• Following this promotion, he retired to his
farm in New Hampshire, where he spent
the rest of his life.
• He died on May 8, 1822, and is buried on
his farm, which is now a New Hampshire
state park.
NEW HAMPSHIRE STATUES
NEW HAMPSHIRE
31 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Richard Stockton
Henry Kirke Brown (completed by H.K. Bush-Brown), Crypt, 1888*
An illustrious lawyer, jurist, legislator, and signer of the
Declaration of Independence, Richard Stockton was
born on October 1, 1730. He once wrote, “The publick is
generally unthankful, and I never will become a Servant
of it, till I am convinced that by neglecting my own aairs
I am doing more acceptable Service to God and Man.”
• Stockton served as a trustee of the College of
New Jersey (Princeton).
• In 1768 Stockton was appointed to the governing
Council of New Jersey.
• He was later (1774) appointed to the New Jersey
Supreme Court.
• He rst took a moderate stance in the troubles between
the colonies and England. He did not favor
separation; he suggested in 1764 that
some colonial members be appointed to
the Parliament.
• However, he changed his position when the
controversy over the Stamp Act arose.
• In 1774 he drafted and sent to Lord
Dartmouth “a plan of self-government
for America, independent of Parliament,
without renouncing allegiance to
the Crown.”
• In 1776 Stockton was elected to the
Continental Congress, where he took a
very active role.
• Shortly after he signed the Declaration
of Independence, he was taken prisoner
by the British.
• Although he remained in prison for
only a month, his health was broken.
He became an invalid and died at
Princeton on February 28, 1781.
Philip Kearny
Henry Kirke Brown, Hall of Columns, 1888*
Philip Kearny was born on June 1, 1814, in New York
City. Because his mother died when he was quite young,
Kearny spent his early years in a series of boarding
schools and made his home with his maternal grandfather.
Kearny attended Columbia University and studied law,
but he decided to follow a military career.
• As a second lieutenant in the First United States
Dragoons, Kearny was sent to France to study
cavalry tactics.
• He soon distinguished himself when he served with the
Chasseurs d’Afrique in Algiers in 1840. He returned to the
United States and became an aide-de-camp to General
Alexander Macomb, commander-in-chief of the army,
and later to his successor, General Wineld Scott.
• He then married, started a family, and resigned his
commission in 1846.
• He was immediately called back into service,
however, to lead the advance on Mexico City in
the Mexican War of the same year.
• Kearny’s left arm was shattered in battle
and had to be amputated.
• Kearny again withdrew from military life,
but in 1859 he served on the sta
of General Morris in France.
• He returned to the United States at the
outbreak of the Civil War and served
as a brigadier general with the Army
of the Potomac.
• He lost his life in the Battle of Chantilly,
Virginia, on September 1, 1862.
NEW JERSEY STATUES
NEW JERSEY
* Indicates year that the statue
was added to the collection.
32 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Po’pay
Cli Fragua, Capitol Visitor Center, 2005*
Po’pay was born around 1630 in the San Juan Pueblo,
in what is now the state of New Mexico; his given name,
Popyn, means “ripe squash” in the Tewa language. As an
adult he became a religious leader and was responsible for
healing as well as for his people’s spiritual life.
• He knew of his people’s suering under Spanish
settlers, who forced them to provide labor and food to
support the Spanish community and also pressured
them to give up their religion and way of life and
to adopt Christianity—those found practicing their
religion were tortured and sometimes executed.
• In 1675 Po’pay and 46 other Pueblo leaders were
convicted of sorcery; he was among those
ogged, while others were executed.
• In 1680 Po’pay organized the
Pueblo Revolt against the Spanish
which helped to ensure the
survival of the Pueblo culture
and shaped the history of the
American Southwest.
• No image or written description of
Po’pay is known to exist.
Dennis Chavez
Felix W. de Weldon, Senate Wing, second oor, 1966*
Dennis Chavez was born in Los Chaves, New Mexico,
on April 8, 1888. He left school at the age of 13 to
work as a grocery clerk and later worked in the city’s
department of engineering. As a result of acting as
a Spanish interpreter for Senator Andrieus A. Johns,
Chavez came to Washington, serving as a clerk in the
Oce of the Secretary of the United States Senate from
1917 to 1920. He graduated from Georgetown University
Law School, was admitted to the bar in 1920, and
returned to Albuquerque to practice law.
• He began his political career in the New Mexico House
of Representatives in 1923.
• He was a member of the Democratic
National Committee from 1933 to 1936.
• He was a member of the U.S. House
of Representatives from 1931 to 1935.
• In 1935, Chavez was appointed to
the Senate to ll the vacancy left by
the death of Bronson M. Cutting.
• Elected to that seat in 1936, he
served until his death.
• Chavez supported the New Deal
and championed the rights of
American Indians and Puerto
Ricans. He worked for reciprocal
trade agreements, especially with
Latin America. He authored
legislation establishing the federal
Fair Employment Practices
Commission along with various child
care programs.
• He died in Washington, D.C.,
on November 18, 1962, and was
interred in Albuquerque.
NEW MEXICO STATUES
NEW MEXICO
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
33 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Robert Livingston
Erastus Dow Palmer, Crypt, 1875*
One of the most prominent statesmen of his day, Robert
Livingston was born in New York City on November 27,
1746. He entered King’s College (Columbia University)
at the age of 15. There he befriended John Jay, with
whom he later had a brief partnership.
• Livingston served from 1775 to 1777 in the Continental
Congress, where he was one of the ve drafters of the
Declaration of Independence.
• At the time the Declaration was signed, however, he had
returned to duties in the provincial assembly.
• When the government of New York State was
established, Livingston became Chancellor,
the highest judicial position in the state,
and served for 24 years. In that capacity he
administered the oath of oce to President
Washington in 1789.
• From 1781 to 1783 Livingston served
as Secretary of Foreign Aairs.
• From 1801 to 1804 he served
as President Jeerson’s minister
to France and negotiated the
Louisiana Purchase.
• Livingston’s last years were spent
experimenting with new agricultural
techniques and raising sheep.
• Before his death on February 27,
1813, he also founded and became
the rst president of the American
Academy of Fine Arts and became
a trustee of the New York
Society Library.
George Clinton
Henry Kirke Brown, Senate Wing, second oor, 1873*
George Clinton, rst governor of New York State,
was born on July 26, 1739, to an Irish family that had
immigrated to Little Britain, a small town near the
Hudson River. At age 18 Clinton enlisted in the British
Army to ght in the French and Indian War. Later he
studied law, was appointed clerk of the court of common
pleas, and served in the State assembly.
• Elected to serve in the Continental Congress, Clinton
voted for the Declaration of Independence but was
called by Washington to serve as brigadier general of
militia and had to leave before the signing occurred.
• In 1777 Clinton became the rst governor
of New York and served until 1795.
• A supporter and friend of George
Washington, he supplied food to the
troops at Valley Forge. Clinton rode with
Washington to the rst Inauguration and
gave an impressive dinner to celebrate
the occasion.
• He did not support the adoption
of the Constitution until the Bill of
Rights was added.
• He served again as governor of New
York from 1801 to 1804 and as vice
president under Thomas Jeerson and
James Madison.
• Clinton died in Washington on April 20,
1812, and was buried there; in 1908 he was
reinterred at Kingston, New York.
NEW YORK STATUES
NEW YORK
34 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Zebulon Baird Vance
Gutzon Borglum, National Statuary Hall, 1916*
Zebulon Vance was born on May 13, 1830, in North
Carolina. He studied law at the University of North
Carolina. He received his county court license, settled in
Asheville, and was soon elected county solicitor.
• He served in the North Carolina House of Commons
in 1854 and in the U.S. House of Representatives from
1858 to 1861.
• Though he supported the constitutionality of secession,
he was an ardent Unionist, not favoring secession until
President Lincoln called for troops in 1861. He then
organized and served with the Rough and Ready Guards.
• Elected governor in 1862, he worked during the war
to insure legality in the harsh conscription
practices of the Confederacy and to
guarantee protection of the law to
North Carolinians.
• After being arrested at the end
of the war and being briey
imprisoned, he returned to his
law practice.
• As governor from 1877 to 1879,
he worked to revive the state’s
economy, agriculture, and
industry and to improve schools.
• From 1879 until his death he
served in the U.S. Senate,
where he was a popular and
eective mediator between
North and South.
• He died in Washington, D.C., on
April 14, 1894, and after services in
the Senate Chamber was buried in
Asheville, North Carolina.
Charles Brantley Aycock
Charles Keck, Crypt, 1932*
Charles Brantley Aycock was born on November 1, 1859,
near Fremont, North Carolina. After graduating from the
University of North Carolina in 1880 with rst honors in
both oratory and essay writing, he entered law practice
in Goldsboro and supplemented his income by teaching
school. He was appointed as superintendent of schools
for Wayne County and to service on the school board
in Goldsboro.
• His political career began in 1888 as a presidential
elector for Grover Cleveland.
• From 1893 to 1897 he served as U.S. attorney for the
eastern district of North Carolina.
• He was elected governor in 1900.
• His greatest achievement in oce was in
education, to which he was dedicated after
watching his mother make her mark when
signing a deed because she was unable to
write her signature.
• He felt that no lasting social reform
could be accomplished without
education. He supported increased
salaries for teachers, longer school
terms, and new school buildings;
almost 3000 schools were built during
his administration.
• He supported laws to establish fair election
machinery, to prevent lynching, to erect
a reformatory for boys, and to restrict
child labor.
• He resumed his law practice in 1905,
but in 1911 he yielded to pressure to
seek the Democratic nomination for the
U.S. Senate.
• He died on April 4, 1912,
while campaigning.
NORTH CAROLINA STATUES
NORTH CAROLINA
* Indicates year that the statue
was added to the collection.
35 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
John Burke
Avard Fairbanks, National Statuary Hall, 1963*
John Burke was born on February 25, 1859, in Sigourney,
Iowa. He received his law degree from the University
of Iowa in 1886. In 1888 he migrated to the Dakota
Territory, where he worked as a harvest hand and
schoolmaster. He began his law practice in his hotel
room and helped publish the town newspaper.
• By 1889 he was a successful lawyer and was elected
Rolette County judge. He later became state’s attorney
of Rolette County.
• Burke served in the North Dakota House of
Representatives in 1891 and in the state Senate from
1893 to 1895.
• As governor from 1907 to 1913, his great accomplishment
was ridding North Dakota of corrupt political control.
• He initiated many reforms, including
regulation of lobbying, establishment of a tax
commission, and laws providing for the rst
primary election.
• He supported legislation regarding
child labor, juvenile courts, and an
employment compensation commission.
• His concern for the public welfare was
reected in food and sanitation laws;
a public health law; and regulation of
medicine, surgery, and public utilities.
• In 1913 he was appointed treasurer of
the United States by President Woodrow
Wilson and served until 1921.
• In 1924 he was elected a justice on the
Supreme Court of North Dakota,
serving as chief justice from 1929 to
1931 and from 1935 to 1937.
• He died on May 14, 1937.
Sakakawea
Leonard Crunelle, Capitol Visitor Center, 2003*
In 1800, at about the age of 12, a Shoshone girl was
captured by the Hidatsa tribe in an area that is now
North Dakota. Her original name is not known, but
she was given a new name by her captors. The State
of North Dakota has adopted Sakakawea as the most
accurate English representation of this name, which
means “Bird Woman.”
• By 1804 Sakakawea had become the wife of a French-
Canadian, Pierre Charbonneau, who was hired in that
year as an interpreter for the northwest expedition
headed by Meriweather Lewis and William Clark.
• She traveled with the party and assisted with translation
and made contacts with Shoshone and Hidatsa people,
who considered the presence of a woman a sign that
the expedition was peaceful. She served as a guide
and gathered edible plants along the route.
• Her son Jean Baptiste was born in winter
quarters at Fort Mandan in North Dakota,
and she carried him with her when
travel resumed.
• She is believed to have died of a fever
in 1812 at Fort Manuel near Kenel,
South Dakota.
• In selecting Sakakawea as the subject
of this statue, the state legislature
chose to recognize that “her
indomitable spirit was a decided
factor in the success of Lewis and
Clark’s…expedition.”
NORTH DAKOTA STATUES
NORTH DAKOTA
36 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
James Abram Gareld
Charles H. Niehaus, Rotunda, 1886*
James Abram Gareld, born November 19, 1831, was
the last American president to be born in a log cabin.
He grew up in poverty and rst tried his hand at being a
frontier farmer. He studied at Western Reserve Eclectic
Institute (Hiram College) and later at Williams College.
• In 1859 Gareld was elected to the Ohio Senate as
a Republican.
• He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1860.
• Gareld became a major general in the Union Army
during the Civil War.
• He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from
1863 to 1880.
• He was a rm supporter of backing money
with gold, but not a strong supporter of a
high tari.
• Gareld was elected to the Senate in
1880 but never served, as he also was
elected president.
• His short presidency was quite
stormy due to the numerous political
problems he inherited. He also
generated some of his own by personally
making even the most minor political
appointment in his administration, and
his selection of moderate Republicans
angered the conservative faction known
as the “Stalwarts.”
• On July 2, 1881, President Gareld was shot
in a Washington railroad station, located
on the Mall, by Charles J. Guiteau, a
disappointed oce seeker. Gareld died
from his gunshot wound 11 weeks later
on September 19, 1881.
OHIO STATUES
OHIO
Thomas Alva Edison
Alan Cottrill, National Statuary Hall, 2016*
Born February 11, 1847, in Ohio, Thomas Alva Edison
became one of the world’s most celebrated and prolic
inventors. His childhood fascination with scientic
experiments led to a career as an inventor, and he
received his rst patent, for an electric vote recorder, in
1869. Further successes allowed him to create in Menlo
Park, New Jersey, a facility that pregured the modern
industrial research and development (R&D) laboratory.
His most far-reaching accomplishment was the large-
scale commercial distribution of electric light and power.
• Edison amassed over a thousand patents during
his lifetime.
• He created the phonograph by combining his
laboratory’s rst major invention, a carbon
telephone microphone, with his telegraph repeater
to record sound.
• Electric light bulbs had existed since 1802
but were short-lived and expensive. In
1879, after thousands of experiments,
Edison’s workshop produced a bulb that
burned for 40 hours; further experiments
yielded one that would burn for a thousand.
• Described as “an instrument which does
for the eye what the phonograph does
for the ear,” Edison’s Kinetograph and
Kinetoscope opened the way for the lm
industry.
• The statue shows the inverted cone-shaped
bulb known as the Edison light bulb; a similar
bulb appears in a 1911 photograph of Edison.
• He died of complications from diabetes
on October 18, 1931, at his home in West
Orange, New Jersey, and his remains are
buried behind the home.
37 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Sequoyah
Vinnie Ream (completed by G. Julian Zolnay),
National Statuary Hall, 1917*
Sequoyah, inventor of the Cherokee alphabet, was
probably born in 1770 in the Indian town of Taskigi,
Tennessee. He was raised by his mother as part of the
Cherokee community, and he became a hunter and fur
trader. After being permanently crippled in a hunting
accident, he developed his talent for craftsmanship,
making silver ornaments and blacksmithing.
• He began in 1809 to devise a table of symbols for the
86 sounds in the Cherokee language.
• The tribal council approved his work in 1821. Within a
few years, thousands of Cherokees learned to read and
write in their own language.
• In 1822 Sequoyah visited Cherokees in
Arkansas, and in 1828 he moved with
them to Oklahoma. He was active in
the political life of the tribe, serving as
envoy to Washington in 1828 and
helping Cherokees displaced from
eastern lands.
• The National Cherokee Council
honored him with a medal, which he
proudly wore for the rest of his life.
• Sequoyah fell ill and died in 1843 while
searching for a band of Cherokees
who, by tradition, had moved into
Mexico before the revolution.
• His memory is perpetuated in the
names of two species of redwood
trees. His statue was the rst
honoring a Native American to be
chosen for the National Statuary
Hall Collection.
Will Rogers
Jo Davidson, House connecting corridor, second oor, 1939*
William Penn Adair Rogers was born on November 4,
1879, in Indian Territory, near what is now Claremore,
Oklahoma, and was raised on his father’s ranch. In
later years Rogers would proudly refer to his Indian and
pioneer heritage. Preferring horses and ropes to books,
he left school and went into ranching. Yearning to travel,
he went to South America.
• Before he was 24, he had worked his way around
the world as a cowhand and as a circus actor called
“The Cherokee Kid.”
• He began his stage career in 1905 with a vaudeville act.
• In 1914 he joined the Ziegeld Follies, where his
commentary during his rope act gave him a start as
a humorist.
• He went on to become a movie star, radio
broadcaster, syndicated newspaper columnist,
and author.
• From World War I until his death, his
humor and wit touched the conscience
of America; few men not in public
oce have had so great an impact
upon their times.
• He was quietly generous with his
fortune, giving large sums to charity
and the victims of disasters.
• Rogers established his own ranch and
began to travel, especially by airplane.
Though not a pilot, he was an enthu-
siastic spokesman for the emerging
aviation industry.
• He and his friend, the famous
aviator Wiley Post, died in a
plane crash near Point Barrow,
Alaska, on August 15, 1935.
OKLAHOMA STATUES
OKLAHOMA
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
38 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
John McLoughlin
Giord MacG. Proctor, Capitol Visitor Center, 1953*
Dr. John McLoughlin was born on October 19, 1784.
He studied as a medical apprentice and was admitted to
practice at age 19. In 1803 he was hired as a physician
at Fort William, a fur-gathering post of the North West
Company on Lake Superior. There he became a trader
and mastered the Indian languages. In 1814 he became
a partner in the company and was instrumental in the
negotiations leading to its 1821 merger with the Hudson
Bay Company.
• In 1824 McLoughlin was appointed head of the
Columbia Department, which comprised 600,000
square miles from Spanish California to Russian Alaska.
• Before the provisional government was established,
McLoughlin was the chief authority in the
vast Northwest.
• From his headquarters in Fort Vancouver he
supervised trade and kept peace with the
Indians, inaugurated salmon and timber
trade with California and Hawaii, and
supplied Russian Alaska with produce.
• He welcomed new settlers, especially the
missionaries, often lending them seed
and grain. He also developed saw and
grist mills in Oregon City and in 1845
built a home there.
• When Oregon City became the
capital of the American provisional
government, McLoughlin acknowledged
its authority. This led to his resignation
in 1845 from the British-controlled
Hudson Bay Company.
• In 1849 he became an American citizen.
• He died in his Oregon City home on
September 3, 1857.
Jason Lee
Giord MacG. Proctor, National Statuary Hall, 1953*
Jason Lee, missionary and pioneer, was born on a farm
near Stanstead, Quebec, on June 28, 1803. He attended
the village school and by the age of 13 was self supporting.
After a conversion experience, he attended Wilbraham
Academy, graduating in 1830. Between 1830 and 1832 he
was minister in the Stanstead area and taught school.
• In 1833 he was chosen to head a mission for the Flatland
Indians. He and his party arrived in Fort Vancouver in
1834. The missionaries settled on the Williamette River,
northwest of the present site of Salem, Oregon.
• In 1836 and 1837 he helped to draft a petition for the
establishment of a territorial government,
and in 1838 he journeyed east to present
the petition in Washington.
• Lee continued to found missions during
the 1830s and became increasingly
active in the territorial organization of
the Oregon settlement, encouraging its
ties with the United States.
• He presided over the
preliminary meeting for territorial
organization held at Champoeg
in 1841, and in 1843 he was
instrumental in the formation
of a provisional government.
• He also worked to promote education
and formed the plan that resulted in
the founding of Oregon Institute (now
Williamette University).
• He died on March 12, 1845 and
was interred in Salem, Oregon,
in 1906.
OREGON STATUES
OREGON
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
39 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Robert Fulton
Howard Roberts, National Statuary Hall, 1889*
Robert Fulton was born in Lancaster County,
Pennsylvania, on November 14, 1765. His early education
was limited, but he displayed considerable artistic
talent and inventiveness. At the age of 17 he moved to
Philadelphia, where he established himself as a painter.
Advised to go abroad because of ill health, he moved to
London in 1786. His lifelong interest in scientic and
engineering developments, especially in the application of
steam engines, supplanted art as a career.
• In 1797, European conicts led Fulton to begin work
on weapons against piracy, including submarines,
mines, and torpedoes.
• He soon moved to France, where he worked on
canal systems.
• In 1800 he built a successful “diving boat,” which he
named the Nautilus. Neither the French nor
the English were suciently
interested to induce Fulton to
continue his submarine design.
• In 1802 Fulton contracted with
Robert Livingston to construct a
steamboat for use on the Hudson
River; over the next four years he
built prototypes in Europe.
• He returned to New York in
1806. On August 17, 1807, the
Clermont, Fulton’s rst American
steamboat, left New York for
Albany, thus inaugurating the
rst commercial steamboat
service in the world.
• Fulton died on February 24,
1815, and is buried in
Old Trinity Churchyard,
New York City.
John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg
Blanche Nevin, Crypt, 1889*
John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg was born on October 1,
1747. His early education was supplemented at the
Philadelphia Academy (University of Pennsylvania). He
joined an English regiment that saw action in the French
and Indian War. He returned to Philadelphia in 1767
and was discharged.
• He studied for the ministry and accepted a call in 1771
to a congregation in Woodstock, Virginia. Muhlenberg
rst traveled to England to be ordained in the Church
of England.
• He served in the House of Burgesses in 1774.
• Over the next two years he became involved with the
local leaders of the Revolution.
• In 1776 he left Woodstock and raised a regiment
from the Shenandoah Valley.
• Muhlenberg was quickly commissioned a
brigadier general in the Continental Army
and was active in many battles.
• He was brevetted major general in 1783.
• Returning a hero, he was elected to
the Supreme Executive Council in
1784 and served as Pennsylvania’s vice
president from 1785 to 1788.
• He was elected to the First Congress
(1788–1789), of which his brother
Frederick was Speaker, and served in
several successive Congresses.
• Elected to the Senate in 1801, he
resigned shortly thereafter to accept the
appointment of supervisor of revenue
for Philadelphia.
• He served in this post until his death
on October 1, 1807.
PENNSYLVANIA STATUES
PEN NS Y LVA N I A
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
40 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Roger Williams
Franklin Simmons, Hall of Columns, 1872*
Roger Williams was born between 1603 and 1606. He
grew up a member of the privileged class and received
a thorough liberal arts education. Williams attended
Cambridge, receiving his B.A. in 1627. He abandoned
the study of law to become a priest in the Church
of England.
• Williams was interested in the Puritan movement and
the newly established Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• He was warmly welcomed to the New World by
Massachusetts governor John Winthrop when he
arrived in Boston.
• Williams was an adamant separatist and accepted a
post as an assistant pastor in Salem, reputedly a friendly
place. However, his teachings were deemed radical and
he was banished from Massachusetts Bay
Colony in 1635.
• Williams founded the colony of Rhode
Island in 1636 and secured a charter
for Providence Plantation in 1664.
• His greatest gift to the colonies
was his authorship of the
declaration of the principle
of religious liberty.
• Roger Williams died in 1683,
around the age of 80.
• Three hundred years after his
banishment from Massachusetts,
a monument in his honor was
erected in Providence, Rhode
Island. Set in a public park once
part of Williams’ property, it
reminds Rhode Islanders of their
illustrious founder and champion
of religious freedom.
Nathanael Greene
Henry Kirke Brown, Crypt, 1870*
Nathanael Greene was born in Rhode Island, on
August 7, 1742. His academic training was guided by
Ezra Stiles, later president of Yale. He did not continue
formal education. Instead, he took charge of the family
forge at Coventry.
• Greene became a deputy in the Rhode Island General
Assembly from 1770 to 1772.
• When war with Great Britain seemed imminent
Greene helped to organize a militia company, the
Kentish Guards.
• In 1775, the Rhode Island Assembly voted to establish
its own militia. Greene became the brigadier in charge
of its three regiments.
• During the same year he was chosen to be a
brigadier general in the Continental Army. He
saw action at the siege of Boston and remained to
command the army of occupation.
• Greene continued to distinguish himself
throughout the Revolution. He was
especially helpful to General Washington
when the colonial troops were ghting
at Trenton.
• Greene’s activities moved south and he
became commander of the Army of the
South in 1780.
• On December 14, 1782, he was responsible
for the liberation of Charleston, the last
British-occupied city in the South.
• Greene settled near Savannah after
the war and died there on June 19,
1786. His remains were reinterred in
1902 beneath the Greene Monument
in Johnson Square, Savannah.
RHODE ISLAND STATUES
RHODE ISLAND
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
41 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Wade Hampton
Frederic W. Ruckstull, Capitol Visitor Center, 1929*
Wade Hampton was born on March 28, 1818, in
Charleston, South Carolina. In 1836 Hampton graduated
from South Carolina College (now the University of
South Carolina). After the death of his father, he retreated
to his grandfather’s Mississippi plantation and assumed
the life of a planter.
• He was elected in 1852 to the South Carolina legislature
from Richland County and served until 1856; he then
served in the state Senate until he resigned in 1861.
• Though he had not favored secession, he supported the
Confederacy from the outset.
• He oered his cotton for exchange in Europe for arms
and he raised a legion of infantry, cavalry,
and artillery.
• In 1862 he was advanced to
brigadier general of the cavalry. He
was involved in many major battles,
including Gettysburg.
• Hampton was promoted to major
general in 1863 and lieutenant
general in 1865.
• From 1876 to 1896 Wade Hampton
was a symbol of South Carolina
politics, serving as governor from
1876 to 1879 and as U.S. senator
from 1879 to 1891.
• From 1891 to 1897 he served as United
States Railroad Commissioner.
• He died in Columbia, South
Carolina, on April 11, 1902.
John Caldwell Calhoun
Frederic W. Ruckstull, Crypt, 1910*
On a small plantation in Abbeville County, South
Carolina, John Caldwell Calhoun was born on March 18,
1782. He studied at Waddel’s Academy in Georgia,
graduated with honors from Yale in 1804, studied at
Tapping Reeve’s Law School in Litcheld, Connecticut,
and was admitted to the bar in 1807.
• After one year in the state House of Representatives,
he served from 1811 to 1817 in the U.S. House of
Representatives, becoming a leader of the “war hawks”
and a staunch nationalist. Calhoun resigned to become
President Monroe’s Secretary of War.
• He subsequently was elected to two successive terms as
vice president, serving under Presidents John Quincy
Adams and Andrew Jackson.
• Resigning in 1832 because of political
dierences with Jackson, Calhoun was elected
to the U.S. Senate and served until 1843.
• Appointed President Tyler’s Secretary
of State, he secured the annexation
of Texas.
• Elected again to the U.S. Senate in
1845, he served until his death.
• A powerful orator, Calhoun became
the leading spokesman for the South
during attempts to resolve politically
the conict between the sections.
• Calhoun, a brilliant theoretician,
advocated a ne balance of
nullication and the use of
“concurrent majorities” to prevent
the dissolution of the Union.
• Calhoun died on March 31, 1850, in
Washington, D.C., and is buried in
Charleston, South Carolina.
SOUTH CAROLINA STATUES
SOUTH CAROLINA
42 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Joseph Ward
Bruno Beghe, Capitol Visitor Center, 1963*
Joseph Ward was born on May 5, 1838. He graduated
from Brown University and Andover Theological
Seminary. Accepting a missionary appointment, he was
ordained in 1869 at Yankton, capital of the Dakota
Territory, where he organized and directed church eorts.
• Ward opened a private school, which became Yankton
Academy. Later given over to public control, it became
the rst high school in Dakota.
• Ward was instrumental in the founding of Yankton
College, the rst collegiate-rank institution of the upper
Mississippi Valley and served as its president.
• He played an important part in keeping school lands
out of the control of eastern speculators.
• He was the rst president of the Yankton
Board of Education.
• He also helped establish in 1879 the
Dakota Hospital for the Insane.
• Ward was a leader in the movement for
South Dakota statehood, serving as a
delegate to the various conventions and
as a member of the 1885 committee
to present the petition for statehood
to Congress.
• He drafted much of the constitution and
was chairman of the committee charged
with keeping the convention records.
• He composed the state motto and wrote the
description for the state seal.
• Bedridden and unable to attend the
nal constitutional convention in
1889, he died on December 11, 1889.
William Henry Harrison Beadle
H. Daniel Webster, National Statuary Hall, 1938*
William Henry Harrison Beadle, born in a log cabin on
January 1, 1838, grew up on the frontier. He studied civil
engineering at the University of Michigan.
• Shortly after graduating in 1861, he enlisted in the
Union Army and by the end of the war had risen to the
rank of brigadier general.
• In 1869 President Grant appointed him surveyor-
general of Dakota Territory.
• His journeys through the territory and his previous
frontier experience convinced him that school lands
were a trust for future generations and should be sold
at their appraised value and never for less than $10 an
acre. This eort dominated his life.
• He served as secretary of the 1877 commission to
codify the territorial laws and as chairman of the
judiciary committee in the territorial House.
• In 1879 he became superintendent of
public instruction.
• Beadle drafted the school lands provision at
the South Dakota constitutional convention
of 1885. When Congress accepted the state
constitution in 1889, it was so impressed
that similar provisions were required for
North Dakota, Montana, Washington,
Idaho, and Wyoming. This preserved 22
million acres for schools.
• Beadle served as president of the
Madison State Normal School from
1889 to 1906 and as a professor of
history until his retirement in 1912.
• He died on November 15, 1915.
SOUTH DAKOTA STATUES
SOUTH DAKOTA
43 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
John Sevier
Belle Kinney and Leopold F. Scholz, National Statuary Hall, 1931*
John Sevier was born in Rockingham County, Virginia,
on September 23, 1745. Searching for available land
he could aord, he moved west in 1772 and served
as a militia captain under George Washington in
Lord Dunmore’s War. A lieutenant colonel in the
trans-Allegheny forces during the Revolution, he was
commended for his services at Kings Mountain in 1780.
• In March 1785 he was elected governor of the
independent State of Franklin, a portion of North
Carolina where settlers desired statehood.
• North Carolina declared the State of Franklin in revolt,
subdued it with force, and ceded it to Congress.
• Subsequently, Sevier was elected to the North
Carolina Senate in 1789, received a full
pardon, and was restored to his status of
brigadier general.
• He retired to his plantation and was
appointed trustee of Washington
College and Blount College (now the
University of Tennessee).
• Because of his military renown, he was
elected the rst governor of Tennessee
(1796–1801 and 1803–1809), state
senator (1809–1811), and a member
of the U.S. House of Representatives
in 1811.
• He died on September 25, 1815, while
serving as commissioner to survey
the boundary between Georgia
and the land of the Creek Indians
in Alabama. He was buried in
Knoxville, Tennessee.
Andrew Jackson
Belle Kinney and Leopold F. Scholz, Rotunda, 1928*
The seventh president, Andrew Jackson was born in
Waxhaw, South Carolina, on March 15, 1767. Later
known as “Old Hickory,” he was captured during the
Revolution at the age of 9 and orphaned at age 14.
• Jackson was admitted to the bar in 1787 and was
appointed prosecuting attorney for the west district of
North Carolina in 1788.
• Jackson was a delegate to the Tennessee constitutional
convention in 1796, a U.S. representative from 1796
to 1797, a U.S. senator in 1797, a member of the
Tennessee Supreme Court from 1798 to 1804, and a
major general in the Tennessee militia.
• Because of political feuds and several duels,
Jackson retired to his plantation, “The
Hermitage,” for six years.
• During the War of 1812, he was
commissioned a major general in
the U.S. Army and became a hero,
defeating the British at the Battle
of New Orleans in 1815.
• Jackson invaded Spanish-held
Florida in 1818; following
Florida’s cession to the
United States, he served as
its territorial governor in 1821.
• Jackson returned to Tennessee,
serving as U.S. senator from
1823 to 1825.
• Campaigning as “champion of
the popular majority,” Jackson
was elected president in 1828 and
served two terms.
• He died on June 8, 1845,
in Nashville.
TENNESSEE STATUES
TENNESSEE
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
44 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Sam Houston
Elisabet Ney, National Statuary Hall, 1905*
Born on March 2, 1793, near Lexington, Virginia, Sam
Houston had only one year of formal schooling. As a
young adult he lived with the Cherokee Indians for three
years before entering the militia during the War of 1812.
He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and in 1819 was
elected attorney general of the Nashville district.
• He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and
served from 1823 to 1827.
• He became governor of Tennessee but resigned in 1829
to rejoin the Cherokees after his wife had left him.
• The next six years Houston spent on diplomatic missions
and business journeys in Indian country and Texas.
• In 1833 he was a delegate to the San Felipe
constitutional convention, which petitioned for
Texas’s separation from Cohuila.
• After the Texas Revolution, he succeeded
Austin as commander-in-chief.
• His military leadership secured Texas
independence and Houston was elected
president of the Republic, serving from 1836 to
1838 and from 1841 to 1845.
• In 1845, when Texas joined the Union, he was
elected one of the rst senators.
• A Union Democrat, he was the only southern
senator who voted for the Compromise of
1850, opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and
voted against secession.
• In 1859 Houston was elected governor;
however, he was deposed when he
refused to take the Confederate Oath
of Allegiance.
• He retired to his farm at Huntsville, Texas,
where he died on July 26, 1863
Stephen Austin
Elisabet Ney, Hall of Columns, 1905*
The founder of the state of Texas was born in Austinville,
Virginia, on November 3, 1793, and moved with his
family to Missouri in 1798. He was educated at Colchester
Academy in Connecticut and Transylvania University
in Kentucky, and he served in the militia and the
territorial legislature.
• In 1821 he inherited from his father a grant to settle
300 Anglo-Americans in Texas. Austin served as
their civil and military leader and their liaison with
the authorities.
• He travelled to Mexico to ease tensions resulting from
American settlements near the border. Because he had
brought a grievance petition and a request for
statehood, he was imprisoned by General Santa
Anna on charges of inciting revolution.
• After his release in 1835, he presided at the
Texas convention, which resulted in the
Texas Revolution on October 2, 1835.
• Austin was made commander-in-chief
of the army that marched on the
Mexican headquarters in San Antonio,
and he was later a commissioner to
seek recognition by the United States,
negotiate a loan, and enlist volunteers.
• He accepted the nomination for
president of the Republic of Texas in
June 1836 but lost to Sam Houston, who
then appointed him secretary of state.
• Austin died on December 27, 1836,
in Columbia, Texas.
TEXAS
TEXAS STATUES
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
45 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Brigham Young
Mahonri Young, National Statuary Hall, 1950*
Brigham Young was born in Whittingham, Vermont, on
June 1, 1801. His family later moved to upstate New York,
where he became, successively, a journeyman painter,
glazier, and farmer. He sought a religion applicable
to daily life and after two years of study he became a
member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day
Saints—the Mormons. He rapidly earned positions of
leadership within the church, and in the 1840s Young
was among those who established the city of Nauvoo on
the Mississippi River. It became the headquarters of the
church and was larger than the city of Chicago.
• In 1844, upon the death of their leader, Joseph Smith,
Brigham Young became president of the church.
• Within two years persecution drove the “Saints” to
territory outside the boundaries of the United States.
• In 1847 he led a party of 148 to the
Salt Lake Valley. Young, sometimes
called a “modern Moses,” successfully
organized the emigration of
70,000 pioneers.
• As the rst governor of the
Utah Territory, he encouraged
farming, industry, thrift, the
establishment of retail stores,
cooperative irrigation, schools,
universities, and theaters.
• Young introduced other
industries, including cotton
and silk, to build self-suciency.
• Brigham Young established
communities between
Mexico and Canada
before his death on
August 29, 1877, in
Salt Lake City, Utah.
Philo T. Farnsworth
James R. Avati, Capitol Visitor Center, 1990*
Philo T. Farnsworth was born on August 19, 1906,
on Indian Creek in Beaver County, Utah. His parents
expected him to become a concert violinist, but his
interests drew him to experiments with electricity. At the
age of 12, he built an electric motor and produced the
rst electric washing machine his family had ever owned.
• Farnsworth is called “the father of television” for his
invention of an early electronic television system, which
he rst visualized when he was in high school.
• He transmitted his rst electronic television
picture in 1927.
• Although he won an early patent for
his image dissection tube, he lost later
patent battles to RCA. He received
some 160 patents during his career for
many important inventions, which
played roles in the development
of radar, the infra-red night light,
the electron microscope, the baby
incubator, the gastroscope, and the
astronomical telescope.
• Farnsworth died on March 11, 1971,
in Salt Lake City, Utah.
• Television receivers in production at
that time carried approximately 100
of his patents.
UTAH STATUES
UTAH
* Indicates year that the statue
was added to the collection.
46 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Ethan Allen
Larkin G. Mead, National Statuary Hall, 1876*
Founder of the State of Vermont, Ethan Allen was born
in Litcheld, Connecticut, on January 10, 1738. As an
explorer, he became involved in the “Hampshire Grants”
dispute regarding conicting land claims between New
Hampshire and New York.
• As a result of the 1770 New York Supreme Court
decision invalidating the New Hampshire grants, the
settlers formed the Green Mountain Boys with Allen as
their colonel commander to defend their property.
• The skirmishes escalated to such a degree that Allen
was outlawed by Governor George Clinton of New
York in 1771.
• During the Revolutionary War, Allen and his
Green Mountain Boys joined forces with
Colonel Benedict Arnold to capture Fort
Ticonderoga on May 10, 1775.
• While invading British-held Canada
with Colonel John Brown, Allen was
captured on September 25, 1775,
and held prisoner for two years before
being exchanged.
• He immediately received the brevet rank
of colonel in the Continental Army.
• He returned to Vermont and was made
major general in the Vermont militia.
• Allen petitioned the Continental Congress
for Vermont’s statehood. When refused, he
negotiated with Britain over the status of
Vermont and was accused of treason.
• Allen died on February 12, 1789, two
years before Vermont was admitted
into the Union.
Jacob Collamer
Preston Powers, Senate Wing, rst oor, 1881*
Jacob Collamer was born on January 8, 1792, in Troy,
New York. He graduated from the University of Vermont,
was admitted to the bar in 1813, and became partner to
Judge James Barrett.
• He served four terms in the Vermont House of
Representatives and from 1833 until 1842 was assistant
judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont.
• Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1842,
he advocated the annexation of Texas, supported the
Mexican War and the tari.
• Collamer served as postmaster general under President
Zachary Taylor.
• He became a circuit court judge in Vermont from
1850 to 1854.
• A conservative anti-slavery Republican, he was
elected to the Senate in 1855.
• He concentrated on land and tari issues
throughout his career in Congress.
• He was one of two senators who refused
to vote for the Crittenden Amendment,
which proposed resubmitting the Kansas
Constitution to popular vote.
• He opposed the Reconstruction Plan
of President Lincoln, advocating
congressional control instead.
• He received the presidential nomination
from Vermont in 1860 but withdrew after
the rst ballot.
• From 1855 to 1862 he was the last
president of the Vermont Medical College.
• He served in the Senate until his death
on November 9, 1865, at his home in
Woodstock, Vermont.
VERMONT STATUES
VERMONT
* Indicates year that the statue
was added to the collection.
47 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Robert E. Lee
Edward V. Valentine, Crypt, 1934*
Born on January 19, 1807, Robert E. Lee served his
state with great devotion all his life. At the United States
Military Academy he distinguished himself in both
scholastics and martial exercises. He was adjutant of the
corps and graduated second in the class of 1829. As a
career ocer, he served in posts in Georgia and Virginia
and as commander of the light batteries, with General
Scott, in the Mexican War.
• He served as superintendent of the U.S. Military
Academy from 1848 to 1852.
• When the South seceded, Lee reluctantly resigned
from the army, hoping to avoid participation in the war
he deplored.
• However, a sense of duty to his state made
him accept command of the Virginia
forces. His successful strategy, his
tactical skill, and the condence of his
troops earned him the respect of the
Confederate leaders.
• President Jeerson Davis appointed
him commander of the Army of
Northern Virginia in May 1862.
• The next three years demanded all
Lee’s strength until he was forced to
surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant
on April 9, 1865.
• Lee was paroled and accepted the
presidency of Washington College
(now Washington and Lee) in
Lexington, Virginia.
• He served in that capacity from
September 1865 until his death on
October 12, 1870.
George Washington
Jean Antoine Houdon, Rotunda, 1934*
George Washington was born in Westmoreland County,
Virginia, on February 22, 1732. After his father’s death
in 1743, he lived chiey at Mount Vernon and worked
as a surveyor. Sent by Governor Dinwiddie in 1753 to
warn the French against encroaching on land in the
Ohio Valley, he served in the French and Indian War
as a lieutenant colonel.
• He inherited Mount Vernon from his half-brother
Lawrence in 1752.
• He married Martha Custis on January 6, 1759, and
entered the Virginia House of Burgesses that same year.
• A leader in the movement for independence,
he was a delegate to the First and Second
Continental Congresses.
• On June 15, 1775, he was chosen to
command the Continental Army, and
he assumed his duties on July 3, 1775.
• He took leave of his ocers at
Fraunces’ Tavern, New York, on
December 4, 1783, and retired
to Mount Vernon.
• Returning to public life,
he attended the Annapolis
Convention in 1786 and presided
over the Constitutional Convention
in 1787.
• Unanimously elected the rst
President of the United States, he
was inaugurated in New York on
April 30, 1789, served for two
terms, and declined a third.
• He died on December 14, 1799,
and is buried at Mount Vernon.
VIRGINIA STATUES
VIRGINIA
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
48 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Marcus Whitman
Avard Fairbanks, National Statuary Hall, 1953*
Marcus Whitman was born on September 4, 1802. At
the age of seven, when his father died, he went to New
York, to live with his uncle. He dreamed of becoming a
minister, but he studied medicine for two years with an
experienced doctor and received his degree from Faireld
Medical College.
• In 1834 he applied to the American Board of
Commissioners for Foreign Missions.
• Whitman married Narcissa Prentiss. A teacher of
physics and chemistry, Narcissa was eager to travel
west as a missionary but, as a single woman, had been
forbidden to do so.
• Marcus and Narcissa made an extraordinary team.
They joined a caravan of fur traders and went
west, establishing several missions as well as
their own settlement, Waiilatpu, in the Blue
Mountains near the present city of Walla
Walla, Washington.
• Marcus farmed and gave medical
attention, while Narcissa gave classes
to the Indian children. Whitman
assisted in the “Great Emigration”
of 1843, which clearly established
the Oregon Trail.
• The primitive health practices of the
Indians and their lack of immunity to
diseases such as measles fostered the
belief that Whitman was causing the
death of his patients.
• The Indian tradition holding medicine
men personally responsible for the
patient’s recovery led to the murder
of the Whitmans on November 29,
1847, in their home.
Mother Joseph
Felix W. de Weldon, Capitol Visitor Center, 1980*
On April 16, 1823, Esther Pariseau was born near
Montreal, Canada. At the age of 20, when she entered
the Sisters of Charity of Providence in Montreal, her
father remarked, “I bring you my daughter, Esther, who
wishes to dedicate herself to the religious life. She can
read, write, gure accurately, sew, cook, spin and do all
manner of housework. She can even do carpentering,
handling a hammer and saw as well as her father. She
can also plan for others and she succeeds in anything she
undertakes. I assure you, Madam, she will make a good
superior some day.”
• In 1856, Mother Joseph was chosen to lead a group
of ve missionaries to the Pacic Northwest Territories
of the United States.
• She was responsible for the completion of eleven
hospitals, seven academies, ve Indian schools, and two
orphanages throughout an area that today encompasses
Washington, northern Oregon, Idaho, and Montana.
• An architect and artist, she was responsible
for designing the buildings, supervising their
construction, and fund raising.
• Each of her “begging tours” into
mining camps lasted several months
and raised between $2,000 and
$5,000 toward the realization
of her goal.
• Mother Joseph died of a brain
tumor in 1902, leaving a legacy
of humanitarian service. She is
recognized as one of the rst
architects in the Northwest.
WASHINGTON STATUES
WASHINGTON
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
49 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Francis Harrison Pierpont
Franklin Simmons, National Statuary Hall, 1910*
Born in Virginia on January 25, 1814, Pierpont was
linked with its history for the rest of his life. He grew up
in western Virginia, in what is today Marion County,
West Virginia, graduated from Allegheny College, and
was admitted to the bar in 1841. An active supporter of
Lincoln, Pierpont became more involved in politics with
the outbreak of the Civil War.
• When Virginia seceded, he organized a convention of
Unionists, which declared that their elected ocials had
abandoned their posts and elected Pierpont provisional
governor of Virginia.
• A legislature was set up, a new constitution was
drafted, and representatives were seated in the
Federal Congress.
• The state adopted the name West Virginia and
was admitted into the Union in 1863.
• When a new governor was elected for
West Virginia, Pierpont became governor
of the “restored” state of Virginia, those
counties occupied by Union troops.
• The capital, originally in Alexandria,
moved in 1865 to Richmond, where
Pierpont became governor of the whole
state of Virginia.
• After he was replaced by a military
commander in 1868, Pierpont returned to
his law practice in West Virginia.
• He served one term in the state legislature
in 1870.
• He died in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on
March 24, 1899.
John Kenna
Alexander Doyle, Hall of Columns, 1901*
John Kenna was born on April 10, 1848, in Kanawha
County, Virginia, which became part of the state of West
Virginia in 1863. He had little education, and at the age
of 16 he served with General Shelby in the Confederate
Army and was wounded. After returning home, he was
admitted to the bar in 1870. He became very active in the
emerging Democratic party of West Virginia.
• He rose from prosecuting attorney of Kanawha County
in 1872 to justice pro tempore of the county circuit
in 1875.
• He was elected to the United States House of
Representatives in 1876.
• While in the House he championed railroad
legislation and crusaded for aid for slack-water
navigation to help the coal, timber and salt
industries in his state. These activities earned
him a seat in the United States Senate in
1883, where he continued ghting for
his two causes.
• Kenna became Democratic minority
leader and emerged as a powerful and
controversial speaker on the issue of the
independence of the executive branch
of the government.
• He forcefully defended President
Cleveland on several issues and indicted
the Senate Republican majority for
failure to pass tari reforms.
• His brilliant career was cut short with
his sudden death at the age of 45 on
January 11, 1893.
WEST VIRGINIA STATUES
WEST VIRGINIA
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
50 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Robert M. La Follette
Jo Davidson, National Statuary Hall, 1929*
The driving force of the Progressive Movement, Robert
La Follette was born on June 14, 1855. He graduated
from the University of Wisconsin in 1879, was admitted
to the bar in 1880, and was appointed district attorney of
Dane County from 1880 to 1884.
• He served from 1885 to 1891 in the U.S. House
of Representatives.
• Breaking with the party leadership, La Follette returned
to his law practice and concentrated on improving the
political system in Wisconsin.
• Elected governor by acclamation in 1891, he proposed
and implemented his “Wisconsin Idea.” This became
the foundation of the Progressive Movement; it
included opposition to political bosses, employment
of technical experts for public service, direct primary
nomination, railroad regulation, and tax reform.
• Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1905, he worked for
progressive reforms on a national level,
including the direct election of senators.
• To make his progressive ideas better known
he founded La Follette’s Weekly Magazine in
1909 and the National Progressive Republican
League in 1911.
• He opposed American involvement in
World War I and President Wilson’s
foreign policy.
• He wrote the resolution authorizing
the Senate investigation of the Teapot
Dome scandal.
• In 1924 he ran unsuccessfully
for president on the
Progressive ticket.
• He died on June 18, 1925, in
Washington, D.C.
Jacques Marquette
Gaetano Trentanove, House connecting corridor, second oor, 1896*
Jacques Marquette, French Jesuit missionary and explorer,
was born on June 1, 1637. He arrived in Quebec in 1666,
studied Indian language and culture, and was sent in 1668
to Sault Ste. Marie, a mission among the Ottawa Indians,
and to La Pointe de St. Esprit.
• In December 1672, the trader Louis Jolliet, arrived with
orders for Marquette to accompany him on a journey to
explore the Mississippi.
• In May 1673, they reached the conuence of the
Mississippi and Missouri rivers. Indians told them that
the Mississippi emptied into the Gulf of Mexico and
warned them of Spanish settlers farther downstream.
They turned back to avoid being captured with their
information on geography and Indian culture.
• By May 1674 Marquette was very ill; while
recovering his health he prepared notes for
publication in Jesuit Relations, since the ocial
record had been lost.
• In October 1674 Marquette fullled his
wish to establish a mission at Kaskaskia.
• Marquette’s poor health forced his return
to Sault Ste. Marie. Marquette died en route
and was buried on May 18, 1675.
• His remains were returned to St. Ignace
by Indian converts and placed in a chapel,
which was destroyed by re in 1706. In 1877
the grave was discovered, and a marker was
erected in 1882.
WISCONSIN STATUES
* Indicates year that the statue
was added to the collection.
WISCONSIN
51 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
T
he National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues
donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. The entire collection
now consists of 100 statues contributed by 50 states. All 50 states have contributed two statues
each. Thirty-ve statues are displayed in National Statuary Hall while others have been placed in other
parts of the Capitol including the Crypt, the Hall of Columns, and the Capitol Visitor Center.
Esther Hobart Morris
Avard Fairbanks, Hall of Columns, 1960*
Women’s surage leader Esther Hobart Morris was
born on August 8, 1814. Orphaned at age 11, she was
apprenticed to a seamstress and became a successful
milliner and businesswoman. As a young woman she was
active in the anti-slavery movement. Widowed in 1845,
she moved to Peru, Illinois, to settle the property in her
husband’s estate. There she realized the legal diculties
faced by women. She married John Morris, a prosperous
merchant, and in 1869 they moved to a gold rush camp at
South Pass City, Wyoming Territory.
• To promote the idea of giving women the right to vote,
Morris organized a tea party for the electors and
candidates for the rst territorial legislature.
• With the national woman surage movement
still being organized, Wyoming’s enactment
of such a law in 1869 was a legislative
milestone. Laws were also passed giving
married women control of their own
property and providing equal pay
for women teachers.
• When appointed justice of the peace
for the South Pass District in 1870,
she became the rst woman
to hold judicial oce in the
modern world.
• During the statehood
celebration in 1890 she was
honored as a surage pioneer.
• In 1895, at age 80, she was
elected a delegate to the
national surage convention
in Cleveland.
• She died in Cheyenne on
April 2, 1902.
Washakie
Dave McGary, Capitol Visitor Center, 2000*
Originally named Pinaquana, Washakie was born around
1800 in his father’s Salish (or Flathead) tribe; he was
given the name Washakie when he joined his mother’s
Shoshone tribe. He became a renowned warrior and in
approximately 1840 united several Shoshone bands.
• He had learned French and English from trappers
and traders, and he also spoke a number of Native
American languages.
• His friends among white frontiersmen included Kit
Carson, Jim Bridger (who became his son-in-law), and
John Fremont.
• Having realized that the expansion of white civilization
into the West was inevitable, he negotiated with the
army and the Shoshone to ensure the preservation of
over three million acres in Wyoming’s Wind
River country for his people; this valley
remains the home of the Shoshone today.
• He was also determined that Native
Americans should be educated,
and he gave land to Welsh
clergyman John Roberts to
establish a boarding school where
Shoshone girls learned traditional
crafts and language.
• His prowess in battle, his
eorts for peace, and his
commitment to his people’s
welfare made him one of
the most respected leaders in
Native American history.
• Upon his death in
1900, he became the
only known Native
American to be given
a full military funeral.
WYOMING STATUES
W YOMING
* Indicates year that the statue was added to the collection.
52 GUIDE TO STATE STATUES IN THE NATIONAL STATUARY HALL COLLECTION U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER
