1
CITING REFERENCES: APA Style (7th ed.)
WHITEWATER & ROCK COUNTY LIBRARIES
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - WHITEWATER
This guide provides common examples of the APA (American Psychological
Association) style for citing sources based on the Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association: The Official Guide to APA Style (7th ed.), shelved in the
Main and Reference collections (BF76.7 P83 2020). Examples include section
numbers from the Manual. More examples may be found in the Manual, the APA Style
Blog http://www.apastyle.org/blog, and the UWW How to Cite in APA Style online
guide https://libguides.uww.edu/apa .
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
APA style requires that in-text citations refer to entries on References list at the end of
the paper. Format rules for a bibliography or suggested reading list may be found in the
Manual.
Include the author's surname and the date. The author’s surname can be in the
parentheses or in the text of the document. When quoting, always give page numbers
(section 8.27-28). When paraphrasing, include page numbers for longer works (section
8.23). When page numbers are unavailable, refer to paragraphs or other parts (section
8.13).
Rule Book Section
Two format choices for in-text citations 8.11
Narrative: Kessler (2003) found that among epidemiological samples...
Parenthetical: ... in a more persistent and severe course (Kessler, 2003).
Specific parts of a source 8.13
(Csikai & Chaitin, 2006, p. 112)
(Golan et al., 2007, para. 4)
One author 8.11
including ultraviolet and infrared (Gadhavi & Krupin, 2009).
Two authors 8.17
fully demonstrated (Jöreskog & Sörbom, 2007).
as Kurtines and Szapocznik (2003) demonstrated
Three or more authors 8.17
Kisangau et al. (2007) found...
traditional medicines in the Bokuba district (Kisangua et al, 2007).
2
Unknown or anonymous author 8.14
Use the first few words of the References list entry with year.
Book example: (College Bound Seniors, 2008)
Website/magazine example: ("Quarter to Feature Smokies," 2009)
Multiple works by the same author in one year 8.12
Match letters following publication dates to References list
According to Derryberry and Reed (2005b)...
Personal interviews, emails, and other non-recoverable works 8.9
Cite personal communications in text only, NOT in References
(V. G. Nguyen, personal communication, September 28, 1998)
Secondary source citing primary source 8.6
Include both sources in text. Include only what was read (Nicholson) in References.
Allport’s diary (as cited in Nicholson, 2003)
REFERENCES
On a new page after the text, center the bolded title References at the top of the page.
List citations in alphabetical order. List works by the same author in chronological order
and if several were published in the same year, append letters. Only include retrieval
dates for online materials when the source material may change over time, such as in a
wiki. Place title in author position when there is no byline. Use (n.d.) when there is no
publication date.
Always double-space References
BOOKS
Rule Book Section
One author, print or from an academic database, no DOI 10.2 #21
Shotton, M. A. (1989). Computer addiction: A study of computer dependency. Taylor &
Francis.
One author, ereader or audiobook, web, nondatabase URL 10.2 #22
Eliot, G. (2014). Middlemarch (version 2). (M. Espaillat, Narr.) [Audiobook]. LibroVox.
https://librivox.org/middlemarch-version-2-by-george-eliot/
Two to twenty authors, with DOI & edition 10.2 #20
Clark, S., Jung, S., & Lamsal, B. (2014). Food processing: Principles and applications
(2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. http://doi.org/10.1002/9781118846315
3
Rule Book Section
Edited book 10.2 #25
VandenBos, G. R. (Ed.). (2007). APA dictionary of psychology. American Psychological
Association.
Encyclopedia article 10.3 #48
NOTE: Place article title in author position when there is no byline
Haslum, M. N. (2004). Dyslexia. In R. L Gregory (Ed.), The Oxford companion to the
mind (2nd ed., pp. 272-275). Oxford University Press.
Entry in a reference work, group author, web 10.3 #47
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Heuristic. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved July
12, 2020 from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/heuristic
Chapter or section in an edited book, print or from 10.3 #39
an academic database, no DOI
Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of subjective well-being. In M. Eid &
R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 17-43). Guilford
Press.
Report, governmental or otherwise, web 10.4 #50
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2014, December). Managing asthma: A
guide for schools (NIH Publication No. 14-2650). National Institutes of Health,
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/all-publications-and-resources/managing-
asthma-guide-schools-2014-edition
Legal Documents 11.6 #15
Legal documents may be listed in the style shown in The Bluebook: A Uniform System
of Citation shelved in the Main and Reference Desk collections (KF245 .U53 and KF245
.B58). Some examples are included the Manual, chapter 11.
Hearing example:
Urban America’s need for social services to strengthen families: Hearing before the U.S.
Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Ways and Means,
House of Representatives, 102d Cong. (1992).
4
PERIODICALS
NOTE: CrossRef and APA recommend that DOIs be formatted thus:
https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx
Rule Book Section
Journal article, print or from an academic database, no DOI 7.01 #3
Aparicio, F. R. (1999). Reading the “Latino” in Latino studies: Toward re-imagining our
academic location. Discourse, 21(3), 3-18.
Journal article, two to twenty authors, print or from 10.1 #3
an academic database, with DOI
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the
survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24(2), 225-229.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
Magazine article, online, no DOI 10.1 #15
Webley, K. (2011, October 13). A separate peace? Time, 178(16), 42-46.
http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2095385_209685
9_2096805,00.html
Newspaper article, print or from an academic database, no DOI 10.1 #16
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The
Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
OTHER
Webpage 10.16 #61
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2020, February 29). Caffeine content for coffee, tea, soda and more:
http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-
depth/caffeine/art-20049372
Streaming video, freely available 10.12 #90
Smithsonian Channel. (2019, November 1). Pocahontas: Beyond the myth (Full
episode) [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/x9_zT6enTzA
5
Rule Book Section
Video, from a subscription database 10.12
Balanga (Producer). (2019). The Vikings, from Paris to Normandy [Film]. Films on
Demand. https://fod.infobase.com/
PowerPoint slides or lecture notes 10.14
If slides come from an LMS such as Canvas and you are writing for people with access to
the resource, provide the name of the site and its login page URL
Brieger, B. (2020). Lecture 3: American Indian Movement in the midwest [PowerPoint
slides]. Canvas. https://www.uww.edu/canvas
For additional assistance, contact a reference librarian at (262) 472-1032, by email or
chat at http://uww.edu/library/get-help, or in person at your library’s Reference Desk.
MS-9/2020
