BY ORDER OF THE COMMANDER
UNITED STATES AIR FORCES IN
EUROPE (USAFE)
UNITED STATES AIR FORCES IN EUROPE
INSTRUCTION 11-201
29 JANUARY 2007
Incorporating Through Change 2, 21 March 2012
Certified Current 20 June 2017
Flying Operations
FLYING OPERATIONS CONDUCTED AT
USAF-OCCUPIED ROYAL AIR FORCE
(RAF) INSTALLATIONS IN THE UNITED
KINGDOM (UK)
COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY
ACCESSIBILITY:
Publications and forms are available on the e-Publishing website at
www.e-publishing.af.mil for downloading or ordering.
RELEASABILITY:
There are no releasability restrictions on this publication.
OPR: HQ USAFE/A3YA
Supersedes: 3AFI 11-201, 9 January 2004
Certified by: HQ USAFE/A3Y
(Col James L. Dew Jr.)
Pages: 22
This instruction implements policy and guidance in Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 11-1,
Flying-Hour Program; Air Force Instruction (AFI) 11-101, Management Reports on the Flying
Hour Program. It applies to all military and nonmilitary organizations conducting flying
operations at United States Air Force (USAF)-occupied Royal Air Force (RAF) bases. Send
comments and suggested improvements to this instruction on AF Form 847, Recommendation
for Change of Publication, through channels, to Directorate of Air and Space Operations,
Airspace Systems Integration (HQ USAFE/A3YA), Unit 3050 Box 15, APO AE 09094-5015.
Ensure that all records created as a result of processes prescribed in this publication are
maintained in accordance with Air Force Manual (AFMAN) 37-123 (will convert to AFMAN
33-363), Management of Records, 31 Aug 1994 and disposed of in accordance with the Air
Force Records Disposition Schedule (RDS) located in AFRIMS (AF Portal).
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Paragraph 9 and sub-paragraphs updated to current operations RAF Fairford. Paragraph 10 and
sub-paragraphs updated to reflect current airspace structure in the United Kingdom. Paragraph
17 updated to reflect current airfields where CAC service is provided. Paragraph 18 and 19
updated to reflect ICAO change to in-flight emergency terminology. PAN PAN has changed to
just PAN. Attachment 1, references updated to reflect current references. Margin bar (|)
indicates new material.
2 USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007
1. Introduction. ........................................................................................................... 2
2. Quiet Hours. ........................................................................................................... 3
3. Operations During Quiet Hours. ............................................................................ 4
4. Standard Exceptions to Quiet Hour Operations. .................................................... 4
5. 352nd Special Operations Group (SOG) and 48 Operations Group (48 OG –
Helicopters only) Exceptions to Standard Quiet Hours. ........................................ 5
6. MoD UK/HQ USAFE/Wing Approval Requirements and Notification
Procedures. ............................................................................................................. 6
7. Unusual Aerial Activity (UAA). ............................................................................ 8
8. Operational Restrictions for Non-UK Based Aircraft Operating in the UK. ......... 8
9. RAF Fairford Operations. ...................................................................................... 9
10. Division of Airspace. ............................................................................................. 10
11. Altimeter Settings. ................................................................................................. 11
12. Separation Standards. ............................................................................................. 12
13. GAT/OAT in the UK ( ........................................................................................... 12
14. Radar Services. ...................................................................................................... 13
15. Radar assistance to aircraft descending through cloud to low-level. ..................... 13
16. Low Level Climb-outs ( ......................................................................................... 14
17. Centralized Approach Control (CAC). .................................................................. 14
18. Emergencies ( ........................................................................................................ 14
19. Distress and Diversion (D&D) Cell. ...................................................................... 15
20. Investigation of UK Complaints and Inquiries. ..................................................... 16
21. Breaches of Flying Regulations and ATC Incident Investigations. ....................... 17
22. Airprox Reporting and Investigation Procedures. .................................................. 17
23. Royal flights ........................................................................................................... 17
24. Forms Adopted: ..................................................................................................... 17
Attachment 1—GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION 18
1. Introduction.
1.1. This instruction provides information for aircraft operating in the UK (flight planning,
quiet hours/low-level restrictions, airspace structure, radar services, emergency handling,
incident reporting and more). USAFE-UK/A3 is responsible for coordinating host nation
airspace and Air Traffic Control (ATC) matters for all United States (U.S.) military
operations in the UK, contact phone numbers: Defense Switched Network (DSN) (314)-238-
USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007 3
2125. Inside UK, 01638-542125. Outside UK, (Country Code 44) 1638-542125. Should
aircrew wish to visit UK ATC facilities, USAFE-UK/A3 is the first Point of Contact (POC).
If USAFE-UK/A3 personnel are not available call HQ USAFE/A3CA at DSN: (314) 480-
8145 Commercial: 011-49- (0)-6371-47-8145.
1.2. Specific information regarding the conduct of military and nonmilitary flight operations
in the UK may be found in the Department of Defense (DoD) Flight Information Publication
(FLIP)/Area Planning (AP)/2, the Department of Defense (DoD) Foreign Clearance Guide
(FCG), the United Kingdom Military Aeronautical Information Publication (UK MIL AIP),
and other USAFE supplements to USAF basic flying instructions.
1.3. Because of the congestion and complexity of certain airspace, it is vital that aircrew
remain attentive on frequency, keeping Air Traffic Control (ATC) informed of their
intentions. Moreover, the need to utilize current FLIPs cannot be over-emphasized,
particularly with regard to the correct addressing of flight plans. Flight plans should be filed
following the provisions outlined in FLIP AP/2, Chapter 3, UK Procedures, Flight Planning
section. Particular attention should be paid to the addressees; the UK is part of the Europe-
wide Integrated Flight Planning System (IFPS) and failure to use the correct IFPS address
could result in the intended flight being refused entry into IFPS airspace.
1.3.1. An acceptance message from French ATC is required prior to crossing the Flight
Information Region/Upper Information Region (FIR/UIR) boundary. Therefore, an
aircraft should have an acceptance message prior to departure. Base Operations is the
point of contact for obtaining acceptance messages and can coordinate with London ATC
Center (LATCC)/London Joint Area Organization (LJAO) for assistance.
2. Quiet Hours.
2.1. Unless otherwise specified all times (in this instruction) are local. If you are unable to
determine whether or not a particular situation requires a quiet hour’s waiver, contact
USAFE-UK/A3, DSN: 238-2125 for guidance. Commanders, aircrews, and maintenance
personnel must, to the maximum extent possible, avoid operations during the following UK
quiet hours. The following quiet hours are applicable to all USAF-occupied RAF bases in the
UK.
2.2. Standard quiet hours are:
2.2.1. Weeknights: Monday through Thursday, 2300 each evening to 0600 the following
morning.
2.2.2. Weekends: Friday from 1800 until Monday at 0600.
2.3. UK Bank Holidays (UKBH) and UK National Holidays (UKNH) quiet hours:
2.3.1. Singular Monday UKBH extends weekend quiet hours until Tuesday at 0600.
2.3.2. Good Friday and Easter Monday UKBH extends weekend quiet hours starting
Thursday at 2300 through the following Tuesday at 0600.
2.3.3. Other UKBH/UKNH quiet hours are from 2300 the evening before until 0600 the
day after the holiday.
2.3.3.1. Bank holidays generally fall on Mondays.
4 USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007
2.3.3.2. Bank holidays are the first and last Monday of May.
2.3.3.3. The last Monday of August (August Bank Holiday).
2.3.3.4. New Year’s and Christmas Day, and December 26th (Boxing Day). If New
Year’s, Christmas, and/or Boxing Day fall on a weekend then the following Monday
and occasionally Tuesday become holidays.
3. Operations During Quiet Hours.
3.1. Airfield operations to conduct local training missions are prohibited during quiet hours.
3.2. Limited standard exceptions, listed in paragraph 4, are established to permit operational
flexibility. Additionally, the host base wing commander has quiet hours exception approval
authority for their airfield operations. Wing commanders are responsible for establishing
internal approval procedures for exceptions to quiet hour operations on their airfields and
ensuring units deployed to their wings/units/bases for operational flight purposes are briefed
on UK quiet hour operations.
3.2.1. Wing commanders are authorized to delegate approval authority, as deemed
necessary.
3.2.2. When exercising this approval authority, wing commanders, or their designated
representatives will:
3.2.2.1. Provide written justification for the approved quiet hours deviation, when
requested by USAFE-UK/A3, accordingly, USAFE-UK/A3 will notify the MoD UK
of all such occurrences.
3.2.2.2. Provide a monthly report of all approved quiet hours deviations to USAFE-
UK/A3. As a minimum the report will include aircraft type, date/time of deviation,
type of activity, brief rationale for the approval. Reports are due by the 5th duty day
of the month for the previous month’s activities.
3.3. In all exceptions to quiet hour operations, aircrews will fly a single straight-in approach
to a full stop landing with minimal use of reverse thrusting to keep noise levels as low as
possible, consistent with safe operation of the aircraft.
4. Standard Exceptions to Quiet Hour Operations.
4.1. The following operations during quiet hours are permitted on weekends and
UKBH/UKNH between 0900 and 1800 without approval from local commanders, USAFE-
UK/A3 and/or MoD UK:
4.1.1. Higher headquarters (HHQ) directed missions and aero-medical evacuation flights.
4.1.2. Transient arrivals and departures.
4.1.3. Aircraft operations supporting MoD UK recognized air shows or other HQ
USAFE/A3 and/or MoD UK approved flying events. Aircrews are not permitted to
conduct local training flights or takeoff from and recover to the same RAF base during
quiet hours unless aircraft operations are supporting MoD UK or HQ USAFE/A3/10
approved aerial events.
USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007 5
4.1.4. Aircraft deployments to or from USAF occupied RAF bases that will support
and/or participate in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)/MoD UK/HQ
USAFE/A3/10 sponsored squadron exchanges and exercises.
4.1.5. Mission essential maintenance engine runs inside hardened aircraft shelters using
sound suppression equipment, aerospace ground equipment (AGE), and auxiliary power
unit (APU). Note: When conducting ground engine runs during quiet hours, the goal is to
maintain engine run noise below open air, idle engine noise levels. Due to local populace
sensitivity, quiet hour engine runs should be limited to the absolute minimum necessary.
(Not applicable for 56 Aircraft Maintenance Unit (AMU) engine idle runs conducted in
support of the 48th Operations Group (48 OG) operations in paragraph 5) Note: Host
base wing commanders, or their designated representative, are the approval authority for
mission essential maintenance operations listed above without the use of sound
suppression equipment. Refer to paragraph 3 for 3 AF-UK/A3 reporting procedures.
5. 352nd Special Operations Group (SOG) and 48 Operations Group (48 OG – Helicopters
only) Exceptions to Standard Quiet Hours.
5.1. In the absence of a Ministry of Defense (MoD) UK Air Officer Commanding or MoD
UK officer of equivalent status, MoD UK authorizes the 352 SOG and 48 OG to make small
scale use of the overland parts of the UK Low Flying System (UKLFS) according to
stipulations provided in the UK Military (MIL) AIP. The 352 SOG and 48 OG will adhere to
the exceptions as outlined in paragraphs 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 below to accommodate their
operational training. These exceptions are applicable only to 352 SOG and 48 OG operations
conducted from all USAF-occupied RAF bases in the UK.
5.1.1. From 1 May to 30 Sep:
5.1.1.1. Weeknights: Tuesday through Friday 0200 to 0600. Only a maximum of 30
training sorties for both the 352 SOG and the 48 FW, excluding HHQ directed
missions, are authorized per month from 2300 to 0200. Aircraft arrivals, between
2300 to 0200, will be single straight-in approach to a full stop landing.
5.1.1.2. Weekends: Friday from 2330 until Monday at 0600. By exception, when
considered essential by the 352 SOG or 48 OG Commander or Deputy Commander,
flying may be conducted between 2330 on Friday until 0200 on Saturday according to
the following:
5.1.1.2.1. The 352 SOG or 48 OG Commander shall advise USAFE-UK/A3 no
less than 3 days in advance (i.e. by 1200 Tuesday) with the type and number of
aircraft, times and duration of sorties, a brief description of sortie purpose, and
reason why the sortie cannot be conducted at other times.
5.1.1.2.2. Third Air Force - UK/A3 shall make application to the UK MoD
Directorate Air Staff (DAS) Lower Airspace (LA) and provide an information
copy to DAS Visiting Forces (VF) with 352 SOG and 48 OG requests.
5.1.1.2.3. UK MoD, DAS LA will reply to 3 AF-UK/A3 no less than 1 day in
advance (i.e. by 1200 Thursday) with approval of the request which will be
passed by USAFE-UK/A3 to the 352 SOG and/or 48 OG accordingly.
5.1.2. From 1 October to 30 April:
6 USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007
5.1.2.1. Weeknights: Monday through Thursday 2330 to 0600.
5.1.2.2. Weekends: Friday from 2330 until Monday at 0600. Note: Aircraft arrivals
between 2300 and 2330 will be single straight-in approach to a full stop landing.
5.1.3. During UKBH/UKNH the 352 SOG and 48 OG will comply with the standard
quiet hour procedures outlined in paragraphs 3.1 through 3.3.
5.2. Any 351st Air Refueling Squadron (ARS) and/or deployed aerial tankers supporting the
352 SOG or 48 OG with in-flight refueling and training may adhere to SOG/48 OG quiet-
hours (paragraphs 5.1.1 and 5.1.2). Tanker aircraft missions supporting SOG/48 OG training
and landing after 2300 hours will fly a single straight-in approach to a full-stop landing.
6. MoD UK/HQ USAFE/Wing Approval Requirements and Notification Procedures.
6.1. In accordance with MoD UK procedures, HQ USAFE, through USAFE-UK/A3, is the
primary agency designated to negotiate and/or coordinate with the MoD UK for aircraft
movements and flight operations into USAF-occupied bases as detailed in this instruction.
However, for high profile aircraft deployments to the UK in support of real-world operations,
International Relations (USAFE-UK/IR) will notify and liaise with the Defense Attaché
(DATT) at the U.S. Embassy London. The DATT is the responsible agency for receiving
initial notification and coordinating approval with MoD UK for high profile, real-world
deployments. USAFE-UK/A3 and USAFE-UK/IR will work closely to ensure the most
current and accurate information is provided to the DATT office.
6.2. The following aircraft operation/deployment scenarios require approval from the host
base wing commander and HQ USAFE through USAFE-UK/A3 and MoD UK notification
or approval (not applicable to RAF Fairford, see paragraph 9.). A minimum of 30 days is
required for coordination with the MoD UK. Note: Sixty days notice may be required if the
operation/ deployment qualifies as an unusual aerial activity (UAA). Refer to paragraph 7. to
see if it qualifies as a UAA.
6.2.1. All planned aircraft deployments of five aircraft or more, require MoD UK
approval. Deployments of less than five aircraft require MoD UK notification only.
6.2.2. Airfield operations conducted during quiet hours from USAF-occupied RAF bases
that support and/or participate in NATO/MoD UK/HQ USAFE sponsored flight
operations, require MoD UK notification only.
6.2.3. Any proposed deployment of bomber or stealth aircraft, regardless of the
deployment size or location, require MoD UK approval.
6.2.4. U.S. sponsored non-NATO, non-UK, or continental United States (CONUS) based
aircraft of any deployment size, require MoD UK approval.
6.2.5. MoD UK approval is required for unusual aircraft types or those of a different
mission and design series that could easily attract public attention.
6.2.6. Any airfield operation which varies significantly in operational scale and scope
from daily, routine operations, by assigned and/or deployed units conducting flight
operations in the UK. Host base officials will consult with USAFE-UK/A3 when they
have questions regarding any significant increase in airfield operations that may draw
public attention or require MoD UK approval.
USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007 7
6.2.7. MoD UK approval is required prior to the 352 SOG use of Watton Airfield/Drop
Zone (DZ) and RAF Fairford during established quiet hours.
6.3. Deployment and exercise planners will send details of deployments and exercises via e-
USAFE-UK/A3 will process the request for the required level of notification and approval.
6.3.1. E-mail request will provide the following information:
6.3.1.1. Deploying unit, POC, DSN and e-mail address of the POC.
6.3.1.2. Sponsoring unit, POC, DSN and e-mail address of the POC.
6.3.1.3. Type of flying activity or exercise (Tactical Fighter Meet, NATO/Command
and Control Air HQ Ramstein/HQ USAFE sponsored exercise, etc.).
6.3.1.4. Inclusive dates of activity or exercise.
6.3.1.5. Deployment/redeployment dates.
6.3.1.6. Planned flight routes into and out of the UK for bomber, stealth, and U-2
aircraft.
6.3.1.7. Numbers/types of aircraft.
6.3.1.8. Scope and scale of operations (e.g., number of sorties per day) anticipated
takeoff and landing times.
6.3.1.9. General description of anticipated mission scenarios.
6.3.1.10. Requested airspace and low flying activities.
6.3.2. USAFE-UK/A3 will coordinate with MoD UK and inform the appropriate offices
so that Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) and Airspace Coordination Notices (ACN) are
published.
6.3.3. Flying activity, which will exceed what was initially coordinated and approved,
will not normally be approved.
6.3.4. Units will receive approval from USAFE-UK/A3 for the requested deployment or
exercise via e-mail.
6.3.5. The 48th Fighter Wing (48 FW) Commander, or designated representative, will
notify USAFE-UK/A3 and the Lakenheath RAF Commander of the following planned
flight scenarios:
6.3.5.1. Flying operations and/or surge activity that exceed 70 daily sorties.
6.3.5.2. A single squadron surge that is scheduled to take place immediately prior to
or following a two squadron surge.
6.4. The 48 FW Commander, in concert with the RAF Commander, will ensure that the local
population is notified at least 1 week in advance of the planned increase in flight activities
via public affairs channels.
6.5. All RAF Lakenheath surge flying will be coordinated with MoD UK by USAFE-
UK/A3.
8 USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007
7. Unusual Aerial Activity (UAA).
7.1. For deployed units, USAFE-UK/A3 is responsible for submission of all information to
Directorate of Airspace Policy (DAP) Airspace Utilization Section (AUS) and MoD UK for
potential ACN action according to Joint Service Publication (JSP) 550, Military Aviation
Policy, Regulations and Directives. If unsure whether or not your planned flight activity
constitutes the need for an ACN contact USAFE-UK/A3 for guidance.
7.2. Characteristics of a UAA may include one or more of the following:
7.2.1. A concentration of events in time or airspace, significantly greater than normal.
7.2.2. An inability to conform to the established rules such as visual flight rules
(VFR)/instrument flight rules (IFR), quadrantal (below FL245), semi-circular rules
(above FL250), or rights-of-way.
7.2.3. Fly-pasts and weapons or attack technique demonstrations.
7.2.4. Local USAFE unit exercises which result in significantly increased aircraft launch
rates or mass launches.
7.2.5. Exercises that involve large individual formations of five or more aircraft.
7.2.6. Air shows that include aerial demonstrations.
7.2.7. Intense, non-routine activity concentrated in specific airspace or along flight
tracks.
7.2.8. Air operations conducted in such a manner that participants of unusual aerial
activity cannot observe normal flight rules and separation altitudes.
8. Operational Restrictions for Non-UK Based Aircraft Operating in the UK.
8.1. UK Low Flying System (UKLFS): Low-level flying by non-UK based USAF aircrews
is prohibited unless written approval of MoD UK has been given in advance of the requested
low-level flying activity. HQ USAFE, RAF Strike or Group Command Headquarters, as
appropriate must sponsor requests for use of the UKLFS associated with events other than
NATO-sponsored squadron exchanges.
8.1.1. Low flying is defined for fixed wing aircraft as flying below 2,000 feet Above
Ground Level (AGL) unless taking off or landing. Rotary wing and light propeller driven
aircraft are considered to be low flying below 500 feet AGL. The UKLFS is for the use of
UK based aircrew only. For non-UK based crews flight below 2,000 feet AGL is
prohibited without prior approval of the MoD UK. For a full description of the UKLFS
see the UK MIL AIP, Part 3 and U.S. DoD FLIP AP/2.
8.1.2. Full details of the planned flights are to be submitted to USAFE-UK/A3 by
message or e-mail: [email protected], not less than 35 days prior to the
planned flight. Failure to apply for permission 35 days in advance will most likely result
in disapproval.
8.1.3. HQ NATO Squadron Exchanges. NATO-assigned USAF squadrons on NATO-
approved exchange visits to the UK are permitted to use the UKLFS in accordance with
the regulations in the UK MIL AIP. The hosting UK based squadron will confirm
USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007 9
minimum operating altitudes for the exchange squadron and notify 3 AF-UK/A3, who
will advise MoD UK at least 1 week in advance of scheduled squadron exchanges.
8.1.4. UKLFS briefing requirements for non-UK based aircrews. Non-UK based
aircrews shall not fly in the UKLFS until they receive a face-to-face orientation briefing,
on all aspects of flight in the UKLFS, from a qualified British Forces flying officer. The
orientation briefing shall take place in the UK unless specifically granted otherwise by
the MoD UK and is valid only for specific exercises, deployments, and detachments.
Further use of the UKLFS for additional events is conditional based on renewal of
approval by the MoD UK and additional orientation briefings. Briefing shall cover as a
minimum:
8.1.4.1. The provisions for minimizing noise disturbance.
8.1.4.2. Avoidance of sensitive and prohibited areas.
8.1.4.3. Compliance with NOTAM warnings or restrictions.
8.1.4.4. Booking (scheduling) requirements.
8.2. Range use. Requests for the use of all UK weapons ranges by non-UK based aircraft
will be addressed to USAFE-UK/A3 Range Manager for coordination. DSN: 238-3402,
Commercial 01638-543402, email: [email protected].
8.3. B-1, B-2, and B-52 flying restrictions in the UK:
8.3.1. The minimum altitude for flight over any UK landmass or within three nautical
miles of any coastline is 2,000 feet AGL/above mean sea level (AMSL). The only
exceptions are activities related to approved air displays and paragraph 8.3.4.
8.3.2. Minimum altitude for flight conducted beyond three nautical miles of any
coastline is 750 feet AMSL.
8.3.3. B-1, B-2, and B-52 aircraft flying into/through/out of UK airspace will only fly
routings reviewed and coordinated by USAFE-UK/A3.
8.3.4. MoD UK may permit flights in Low Flying Area 14 down to 1,000 feet AGL on a
case-by-case basis.
9. RAF Fairford Operations.
9.1. RAF Fairford is a forward operating site and therefore flight operations facilities are
maintained on a limited status, under 420th Air Base Squadron (ABS) and with HQ
USAFE/A3 oversight.
9.2. Quiet hours at RAF Fairford are as stated in paragraph 3.2 and 3.3.
9.3. All flight operations at RAF Fairford, except those identified as standing exceptions,
require the approval of the 420 ABS Site Director (420 ABS/CL), HQ USAFE/A3 and the
MoD UK. Coordination with the MoD UK requires at least 30 days advance notice, unless
the requested operation is classified as UAA, then 60 days advance notice is required. See
paragraph 7. for UAA.
9.3.1. Approved operations on weekends or UKBH will be conducted between 0900
and1800 hours local.
10 USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007
9.4. Standard exceptions, the 420 ABS/CL is authorized to approve the following operations:
9.4.1. The 352 SOG operations at RAF Fairford.
9.4.2. Flight check operations and authorization for the Tower, Chief Controller to solicit
VFR and IFR traffic pattern operations to maintain air traffic controller proficiency.
9.4.3. Authorization for the Air Traffic Manager to solicit VFR and/or IFR traffic pattern
operations for air traffic control proficiency.
9.4.4. Other military and /or civil aircraft operations for multiple approaches/pattern
operations.
9.5. The 420 ABS/CL is responsible for notifying USAFE-UK/A3 and Airfield Operations
Branch (HQ USAFE/A3CA) of any of the following:
9.5.1. When additional ATC or airfield management personnel are required.
9.5.2. Any approved 352 SOG operations.
9.5.3. Any airfield condition, construction, or activity that will restrict, limit, or
otherwise render RAF Fairford flight line unusable to aircraft. Also, include the cause
and expected duration of the restriction.
9.5.4. Requests from other agencies to use RAF Fairford for flight operations.
10. Division of Airspace.
10.1. FIRs/UIRs. UK airspace is divided into two FIRs and above each is a UIR, the four
regions termed collectively as the London and Scottish FIRs/UIRs, and are divided vertically
as follows: (see FLIP for boundaries).
10.1.1. UIR. Upper Airspace - FL245 to unlimited.
10.1.2. Lower Airspace from surface to below FL245.
10.2. Controlled Airspace (International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Classes A to
E).
10.2.1. Class A: Civil airways below FL245 and certain Terminal Control Areas ((TCA)
or Control Areas (CTA)) and Control Zones (CTZ). All airways are identified by the
phonetic alphabet. Reference: RAF Enroute Low Altitude charts for the British Isles.
10.2.2. Class B: Not allocated in the UK.
10.2.3. Class C: FL195 to FL660 contains domestic and international upper air routes for
use by General Air Traffic (GAT) and military Tactical Area Navigation (TACAN)
routes for use by Operational Air Traffic (OAT). For military purposes all Class C
airspace is promulgated as Mandatory Radar Service Areas (MRSA) where Radar
Control applies at all times. VFR flight is not permitted while enroute (in transit), but is
allowed in areas suitable for maneuvering; however, traffic information is always
provided against VFR traffic and standard separation will always be maintained against
IFR traffic. Reference: RAF Enroute High Altitude charts for the British Isles.
10.2.4. Classes D and E: Certain CTAs, Control Zones (CTR) and part of the Scottish
Terminal Control Area (TMA). Reference: RAF Enroute Charts.
USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007 11
10.3. Uncontrolled Airspace (ICAO Classes F and G).
10.3.1. Class F: Civil advisory routes (Advisory Routes (ADR)).
10.3.2. Class G: The remainder of UK airspace (sometimes referred to as the ―Open
FIR‖).
10.4. Additional Categories of Airspace. General. An Airspace Reservation in the UK is an
airspace of defined dimensions above a designated land or water area through which flight
may be prohibited or restricted and within which specific activities may be encountered.
These areas are notified in the UK AIP (ENR 5.1 including the associated Chart of United
Kingdom Airspace Restrictions and Hazardous Areas in ENR 6), Series GSGS 5201 and
other civil aeronautical charts, RAF FLIPs and the Mil AIP (ENR 5.1). The status of airspace
reservations, in ICAO terms, depends upon the classification of the airspace within which
they lie. They include Prohibited Areas, PMP Areas, Restricted Areas, PMR Areas, Danger
Areas, AIAAs, ATAs, HIRTAs, MTAs, TRAs and AARAs. In addition to the foregoing
safety measures, full use is to be made of radar services, ashore and afloat, to aid pilots of
aircraft in keeping clear of prohibited, restricted and danger areas, particularly in conditions
of poor visibility.
10.4.1. Temporary Class A airspace is established to protect Royal and some very
important people (VIP) flights in fixed wing aircraft. The establishment of such airspace
is promulgated by NOTAM. For Royal flights in helicopters, Royal low-level corridors
are established by NOTAM.
10.4.2. Military Training Reserved Airspace (MTRA) and Military Training Areas
(MTA) are delineated within an MRSA to afford freedom of operation to pilots engaged
in flying activities which are incompatible with the provision of Radar Control.
(Reference: RAF Enroute Supplement for British Isles and North Atlantic, Upper
Airspace Service Areas and MTA section). In addition for flights requiring segregation
from other traffic, Managed Danger Areas (MDA) are available in overseas areas from
5,000 feet to FL660.
10.4.3. Military Aerodrome Traffic Zones (MATZ) are established at most military
aerodromes for the increased protection of arriving, departing, and circuit traffic. ATC
instructions to military pilots within a MATZ are mandatory. In the airspace outside of
the Airfield Traffic Zone (ATZ) - a smaller zone within the MATZ - observation of
MATZ procedures is not compulsory for civil pilots.
10.4.4. The Lakenheath Aerial Tactics Area (ATA) and Wash ATA are not special use
airspace. London Radar provides Traffic Service to aircraft booked into these ATAs.
Since these areas exist in uncontrolled airspace, there will be other traffic transiting the
areas either under a radar service or not under any service. The controller will provide
information on non-ATA traffic passing through the ATA but pilots concerned are
responsible for breaking off any tactical maneuvering in order to maintain visual
separation.
11. Altimeter Settings.
11.1. Above transition altitude the altimeter setting should be: 29.92 (referred to in the UK
as the standard pressure setting).
12 USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007
11.2. Below transition levels.
11.2.1. Civil airfields altimeter setting which gives altitude above main sea level (QNH),
with altimeter setting which gives height above ground level (QFE) for radar final
approaches.
11.2.2. RAF airfields, QFE.
11.2.3. Royal Navy (RN) airfields, QFE.
11.2.4. USAF-occupied airfields, QNH.
11.3. Regional pressure setting areas are outlined in the RAF Flight Information Handbook,
Altimeter Setting Regions Section - UK. QNH is the forecast lowest pressure for each of
these areas for transit below 3,000 feet outside controlled airspace, airfield circuits and
airfield traffic patterns.
12. Separation Standards.
12.1. Vertical separation standards are in accordance with the RAF Flight Information
Handbook, UK Cruising Levels; generally 1000 feet separation is applied although in certain
circumstances this may be reduced to 500 feet or extended to up to 5000 feet. (Reference:
RAF Flight Information Handbook, UK Cruising Levels).
12.1.1. At and below FL290, apply 1,000 feet vertical separation.
12.1.2. Between FL290 and FL410, apply 1,000 feet for reduced vertical separation
minima compliant aircraft, otherwise 2,000 feet vertical separation.
12.1.3. As GAT or OAT above FL245 (effective 15 March 2007, FL245 changes to
FL195), semi-circular levels (i.e.: FL250, FL260...). VFR levels are not used.
12.1.4. GAT and OAT IFR traffic below FL245 (effective 15 March 2007, FL245
changes to FL195), quadrantal levels (i.e.: FL155, FL160…). However, if in class A
airspace, whole number flight levels (i.e.: FL170, FL180 ...) will be allocated.
12.1.5. As GAT below FL245 (effective 15 March 2007, FL245 changes to FL195), in
controlled airspace only, semi-circular levels (i.e.: FL220, FL210...). VFR levels are not
used.
12.2. Horizontal.
12.2.1. Five nautical miles (NM).
12.2.2. Three NM between identified traffic within 40 NM of the radar antenna.
12.2.3. When under radar control service, military air traffic controllers are required to
maintain 3,000 feet vertical separation or five NM horizontally from all unknown traffic
unless coordination is agreed with the other controlling agency. Note: The five methods
available for crossing airways are listed in FLIP AP/2 Chapter 3.
13. GAT/OAT in the UK ( Reference: FLIP AP/2, Chapter 3, UK Procedures).
13.1. GAT is provided by civil controllers, responsible for traffic flying airways, upper air
routes, within terminal maneuvering areas, terminal control areas, and control zones. OAT is
controlled by military controllers; service is available to pilots flying anywhere within UK
airspace including for traffic flying TACAN routes. Depending upon the nature of the
USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007 13
operation or training mission, sorties can be entirely GAT, OAT, or combination of both.
Note: For OAT flights that revert to GAT it is essential that the correct reversion points are
used and that subsequent routings comply with the UK Standard Route Document.
13.2. The majority of U.S. military flying in the UK utilizes OAT, and over the rest of
Europe, a combination of OAT/GAT is used. The UK OAT TACAN routes above FL245
provide optimum routing between airfields and working areas. Use of these routes also serves
to simplify the coordination required between civil and military ATC agencies. Point-to-point
navigation is available when operational requirements negate the use of the OAT TACAN
routes.
13.3. Military aircraft may fly GAT provided that they file a flight plan, have the appropriate
navigational and communication equipment, and comply with the civil controlling agency.
GAT flights departing UK airspace must file a flight plan at least 4 hours prior to estimated
time of departure. Note: In the UK, civil agencies primarily use very high frequency (VHF)
and have a very limited ultra-high frequency (UHF) capability.
13.4. Controlled airspace joining procedures.
13.4.1. Pilots must obtain a clearance prior to joining controlled airspace.
13.4.2. If joining within 10 minutes of departure, ATC at the departure airfield will
obtain the clearance.
13.4.3. If joining more than 10 minutes after departure, obtain a clearance from ATC at
least 10 minutes prior to joining.
14. Radar Services.
14.1. The greatest difference between flying in the UK and in the U.S. is in the application
of radar services; the type of service given depends upon the type of airspace being used. It is
incumbent upon aircrews to fully understand the implications of the service that they are
receiving.
14.2. On initial contact with an ATC unit, a pilot should request the type of service he
requires. If the controller cannot provide the type of service requested, the controller will
explain the reason for refusal and offer an alternative. Both the pilot and the controller may
request a change to the type of service being received at any time. When entering a different
type of airspace, the controller will state the type of service the pilot is receiving. It is
important to be aware of what service is provided so the pilot knows what procedures to
follow.
14.3. Pilots can obtain radar service from an ATC Radar Unit (ATCRU). The locations and
frequencies of the ATCRUs are found in the FLIP or chart (Reference: RAF Enroute
Supplement for British Isles and North Atlantic). The types of radar service are described in
FLIP AP/2 Chapter 3.
15. Radar assistance to aircraft descending through cloud to low-level.
15.1. ATC radar units can generally assist an aircraft descending to low-level until the
aircraft reaches either the pilot's safety altitude, or a level set by individual units below which
a radar advisory service cannot be provided. If further descent below these levels is
14 USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007
requested, a radar information service may be provided but radar vectors will not be issued.
Under all circumstances, the pilot remains responsible for terrain clearance.
15.2. Terminal ATC radar facilities can also assist in low-level descents to the limits
prescribed in Joint Service Publication JSP 552, Military Air Traffic Service Regulations,
paragraph 240.125.1.
16. Low Level Climb-outs ( Reference: RAF Enroute Supplement, British Isles and North
Atlantic).
16.1. Standard Climb-out: Maintain ―7001‖ squawk and contact the appropriate ATC facility
if radar service is required. The location of the appropriate facility is shown in the Enroute
Supplement, British Isles and North Atlantic. If radar service is not required squawk ―7000‖
with Mode C as close to passing 2,000 feet as safety permits.
16.2. Emergency Climb-out:
16.2.1. Remaining clear of controlled airspace: if priority service is required, call the
appropriate ATC radar unit immediately on the unit’s initial contact frequency.
16.2.2. Necessitating immediate penetration of controlled airspace: squawk emergency
and when safely established in the climb to safe altitude call ATC on 243.0 MHz (Guard)
as soon as practicable. This method should also be used if the pilot is unsure of his exact
location.
17. Centralized Approach Control (CAC).
17.1. CAC is a climb-out/recovery service provided to selected airfields for the purpose of
de-conflicting the flight from other airfields in the area.
17.2. CAC service is provided by London Radar for the following airfields:
17.2.1. Coningsby.
17.2.2. Cottesmore.
17.2.3. Lakenheath.
17.2.4. Lynham.
17.2.5. Marham.
17.2.6. Mildenhall.
17.2.7. Northolt.
17.2.8. Odiham.
17.2.9. St Mawgan.
17.2.10. Valley.
17.2.11. Waddington.
17.2.12. Wittering.
18. Emergencies ( Reference: RAF Flight Information Handbook, Part 1 and DoD Flight
Information Handbook).
USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007 15
18.1. The term "In-flight Emergency" is not used in UK. The prowords "PAN" and
"MAYDAY" are the terms used to declare an emergency condition.
18.2. The RAF and DoD FLIP clearly identify the procedures and required information. The
key to a swift and successful conclusion to an emergency is to ensure that the controller
knows the pilot’s problem and intentions as soon as possible.
18.3. Declaring a ―PAN‖ or ―MAYDAY‖:
18.3.1. If under a radar service, declare a ―PAN‖ or ―MAYDAY‖ with the ATC facility.
18.3.2. If not under a radar service, declare a ―PAN‖ or ―MAYDAY‖ on 243.0 or 121.5
MHz and squawk emergency ―7700‖.
18.4. Points to remember:
18.4.1. A―PAN‖ or ―MAYDAY‖ situation may be downgraded or canceled at any time.
Similarly, a ―PAN‖ situation can be upgraded as the situation dictates.
18.4.2. The emergency service is free and there to be used.
18.5. Practice PAN:
18.5.1. The ―Practice PAN‖ is intended to help pilots and controllers practice emergency
procedures.
18.5.2. Make a standard emergency transmission on guard, prefixing the transmission
with ―Practice PAN‖.
18.5.3. The Distress and Diversion cell will handle the request as a real emergency
condition until canceled by the pilot.
19. Distress and Diversion (D&D) Cell.
19.1. The D&D cells at the London and Scottish ATC Centers (LATCC and ScATCC) are
unique to the UK; they are manned by RAF ATC staff to provide immediate emergency
assistance to aircraft in difficulties within their respective UK FIRs/UIRs. Each maintains a
24 hour listening watch on the emergency aeronautical frequencies. Internationally agreed
prowords "PAN", for urgency, and "MAYDAY", for distress, should always be used by
pilots to prefix radio calls indicating an airborne emergency.
19.2. The LATCC Mil D&D cell covers the UK FIR/UIR south of N55.00, with ScATCC
Mil taking care of the FIR/UIR to the north of the dividing latitude. Any aircraft operating in
the UK FIR/UIR can call the D&D cells for assistance. Calls for assistance should be made
on either of the two emergency frequencies, 243.0 or 121.5 MHz. Any transmission on 243.0
MHz immediately triggers automatic direction finding equipment, which displays the
position of the aircraft and enables the D&D controller to provide immediate assistance.
Forward relay radio stations guarantee a fixing service above 5,000 feet throughout
LATCC’s area of responsibility; however, the minimum altitude for position fixing in the
ScATCC’s area is 8,500 feet. In addition, the D&D controllers also have access to radar
heads, both primary and secondary, which cover the entire UK and are equipped with
automatic alerting systems in the event of an aircraft squawking emergency.
16 USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007
19.3. The D&D cell maintains current weather and status reports for all military airfields
within the UK. Instant telephone communication is available by priority line to all military
and most major civil airfields selected for diversions.
19.4. The D&D controller has direct access to the UK Aeronautical Rescue Coordination
Center (ARCC) located at RAF Kinloss near Inverness, Scotland. Once alerted to an incident,
the ARCC coordinates all military rescue services, aircraft and naval vessels. In addition, Her
Majesty's Coastguard and the Royal National Lifeboat Institution resources can be alerted as
required as well as fire, police, ambulance, and mountain rescue teams. The D&D cell can, if
required, scramble rescue helicopters by direct radio call on the emergency frequency.
19.5. The D&D system is exercised frequently and all military pilots may carry out practice
emergency procedures by prefixing their radio calls with the words ―Practice PAN‖. Pilots
should contact the D&D cell on 243.0 MHz or if with an ATC unit, declare the practice on
the frequency in use. If calling on 243.0 or 121.5 MHz, listen before transmitting to ensure
that an actual emergency is not in progress.
20. Investigation of UK Complaints and Inquiries.
20.1. The UK Defense Flying Complaints Investigation Team (DFCIT), staffed by RAF
Police have the responsibility to investigate flying complaints within the UK on behalf of the
MoD UK.
20.2. Upon MoD UK notification of a possible flying incident involving DoD aircraft, the
DFCIT representative will contact USAFE-UK/A3 and relay the available details of the
alleged incident. USAFE-UK/A3 will inquire and determine any potential involvement of a
DoD aircraft/crew and notify DFCIT within 1 working day of the results of the initial
inquiry.
20.3. The DFCIT will determine the type of interview to be conducted, telephonic or face-to-
face. If the interview is telephonic, USAFE-UK/A3 will provide the DFCIT Investigator with
the name and contact telephone number of the personnel to be interviewed. If a face-to-face
interview is required, USAFE-UK/A3 will setup up the interview. If the personnel are
unavailable for the interview due to temporary duty (TDY), leave, etc, USAFE-UK/A3 will
provide the DFCIT Investigator an estimated date when the interview may be conducted.
20.3.1. USAFE-UK/A3 will inform the appropriate USAF Group Commander on all
information provided to/from DFCIT and invite the Group Commander to the interview.
20.3.2. If a breach of flying regulations is indicated, the appropriate USAF Group
Commander will be informed and is solely responsible for any actions taken concerning
the unit assigned personnel.
20.4. The DFCIT may take signed statements at interviews and the statements may be kept
by DFCIT for their records. Final reports involving U.S. military aircraft may include aircraft
call signs and/or mission numbers; however, they will not include interviewed personnel
names or their written statements. In the event DFCIT believe that U.S. military aircrew are
in breach of flying regulations or may have committed some other offense, they will ensure
the relevant U.S. military commander and/or U.S. military investigators are present at the
interview. If deemed appropriate, an Article 31, Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)
rights advisement will be provided to those suspected of committing an offense by the U.S.
USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007 17
military commander or investigator prior to conducting the interview and obtaining a
statement. The U.S. military commander or investigator should consult with his staff judge
advocate to obtain legal advice prior to attending the interview.
21. Breaches of Flying Regulations and ATC Incident Investigations.
21.1. Investigations involving U.S. Military aircraft are coordinated by USAFE-UK/A3 on
behalf of the MoD UK.
21.2. Any inquiries regarding breaches of flying regulations and ATC incident investigations
within UK airspace should be addressed to USAFE-UK/A3
22. Airprox Reporting and Investigation Procedures.
22.1. If an aircraft is involved in an Airprox/near miss, the pilot should:
22.1.1. Report it to the controller providing the service or to any ATC agency.
22.1.2. Contact the Wing Flying Safety Officer (FSO) upon landing.
22.2. The base will be contacted by the Radar Analysis Cell at LATCC, usually through
USAFE-UK/A3, for applicable information.
22.3. A step-by-step guide to the pilot’s subsequent action is listed in the Military Aviation
Authority Publication 2000 Series, Flying Regulations, 1 July 2011.
23. Royal flights (Reference: FLIP AP/2, Chap. 3, UK Procedures Royal flights and the
RAF Planning, Part 4 and Flight Information Handbook) (See Safeguard System).
23.1. Royal flights in fixed wing aircraft take place in Class A and Temporary Class A
airspace, details of which are available in the Aeronautical Information System (AIS).
23.2. For Royal flights in helicopters, low-level corridors are established. Royal Low Level
Corridors (RLLC) are five NM either side of track and extend from the surface up to 1,000
feet above the planned cruising altitudes. Only military aircraft under the control of an ATC
unit may penetrate RLLCs.
23.3. Safeguard units are ATC units, indicated in FLIP, who monitor the progress of Royal
flights in helicopters and can provide pilots with the progress of the Royal flight.
24. Forms Adopted: Refer to the listed prescribing directive (PD) for guidance on the
completion of the form. AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication, PD: AFI 11-
215.
DAVID J. SCOTT, Major General, USAF
Director of Operations, Strategic Deterrence and
Nuclear Integration
18 USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007
Attachment 1
GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION
References
DoD FLIP AP/2, Flight Information Publication, Area Planning, 26 October 2006
DoD Foreign Clearance Guide (FCG), available at: https://www.fcg.pentagon.mil/fcg.cfm. For
comments or questions contact [email protected] or on SIPRNET at:
AFI 33-360, Publications and Forms Management, 18 May 2006
AFPD 11-1, Flying Hour Program, 10 August 2004
AFI11-101, Management Reports on the Flying Hour Program, 1 November 2002
AFI 11-102, Flying Hour Program Management, 5 April 2002
AFI 11-215, USAF Flight Manuals Program (FMP), 6 Apr 2006
Military Aviation Authority Publication 2000 series, Flying Regulations, 1 July 2011
Military Aviation Authority Publication 3000 Series, Air Traffic Management Regulations, 1
July 2011
Military Aviation Authority Publication Manual of Military Air Traffic Management, 1 July 2011
United Kingdom Aeronautical Information Publication, located at: http://www.ais.org.uk
RAF Flight Information Handbook, 19 May 2006
Abbreviations and Acronyms
ABG—Air Base Group
ABS—Air Base Squadron
CAN—Airspace Coordination Notice
AFI—Air Force Instruction
AGE—Aerospace Ground Equipment
AGL—Above Ground Level
AIP—Aeronautical Information Publication
AIRPROX—Air Proximity Report
AMSL—Above Mean Sea Level
AP—Area Planning
APU—Auxiliary Power Unit
ARCC—Aeronautical Rescue Coordination Center
ATA—Aerial Tactics Area
ATC—Air Traffic Control
USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007 19
ATCRU—Air Traffic Control Radar Unit
AUS—Airspace Utilization Section
CAC—Centralized Approach Control
CTA—Control Area
D&D—Distress and Diversion
DAP—Directorate of Airspace Policy
DAS—Directorate Air Staff
DATT—Defense Attaché
DFCIT—Defense Flying Complaints Investigation Team
DoD—Department of Defense
DSN—Defense Switched Network
FIR—Flight Information Region
FL—Flight Level
FLIP—Flight Information Publication
FW—Fighter Wing
GAT—General Air Traffic
HHQ—Higher Headquarters
HQ—Headquarters
ICAO—International Civil Aviation Organization
IFPS—Integrated Flight Planning System
IFR—Instrument Flight Rules
LA—Lower Airspace
LATCC—London Air Traffic Control Center
MATZ—Military Aerodrome Traffic Zones
MHZ—Mega Hertz
MoD—Ministry of Defense
MTA—Military Training Areas
NATO—North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NM—Nautical Mile
NOTAM—Notice to Airmen
OAT—Operation Air Traffic
OG—Operations Group
20 USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007
OPR—Office of Primary Responsibility
PAR—Precision Approach Radar
POC—Point of Contact
RAF—Royal Air Force
QFE—Altimeter setting which gives height above ground level
QNH—Altimeter setting which gives altitude above mean sea level
RLLC—Royal Low Level Corridors
ScATCC—Scottish Air Traffic Control Center
SOG—Special Operations Group
TACAN—Tactical Area Navigation
UAA—Unusual Aerial Activity
UIR—Upper Information Region
UK—United Kingdom
UKBH—United Kingdom Bank Holiday
UKLFS—United Kingdom Low Flying System
UKNH—United Kingdom National Holiday
U.S.—United States
USA—United States Air Force
USAFE—United States Air Force, Europe
VF—Visiting Forces
VFR—Visual Flight Rules
Terms
Airspace Coordination Notice (ACN)—Published for unusual air activity. ACNs are published
by the Directorate of Airspace Policy (DAP), Airspace Utilization Section (AUS), through their
NOTAM System and via mail to operational USAFE units. The ACN will describe airspace
limits and when the airspace will be specifically used for special aerial activity. The intent is to
inform other aviators of the requirement to avoid routine flight in the specified airspace.
Airfield Approach—TACAN, Controlled descent through clouds using direction finding
equipment (QGH) or surveillance radar approach.
Airfield Operations—All operations on an airfield for the flight of an aircraft, to include from
engine start to shutdown, maintenance ground engine runs, open air use of AGE and/or APUs,
taxi to/from runway, preflight run up, and take off and landing.
Airprox—Air Proximity or Near miss.
Avoiding Action—Indicates that the pilot will receive mandatory or advisory heading and/or
altitude changes (depending upon the type of service being provided) to avoid traffic.
USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007 21
Cable—Arresting gear that can be engaged with a tail hook only. Sometimes called hookwire.
This cable can be in three positions:
> Up—Supported cable stretched across the runway and raised by rubber grommets.
> Down—Unsupported cable stretched across the runway but without grommets.
> De-Rigged—Removed from the runway.
Circuit—Traffic pattern.
Combine—A call requiring the attention of all pilots from a particular airfield monitoring the
frequency, i.e.: "Lakenheath combine, new altimeter 29.95."
Dead Side—Side of runway opposite VFR traffic pattern.
Director—Responsible for the control and sequencing of aircraft in the radar circuit (approach
control pattern).
Diverse Approach—Enroute (with ATC) to any type final approach for landing.
Free Call—Instruction to contact the next agency where a controller-to-controller handover has
not taken place.
Higher Headquarters—For the purpose of this instruction, is a major command or higher level
of command.
Higher Headquarters Directed Mission—Any sortie directed by higher headquarters, in
accordance with the definition of higher headquarters in this instruction.
Instrument Circuit—Radar pattern.
Line Up—Taxi into position and hold.
Local Commanders—Host base wing commander or their designated representative.
Military Emergency Diversion Aerodrome—Provision of diversion and emergency facilities.
Presently, the bases are Leuchars and Lyneham. See RAF FLIP Enroute supplement British Isles
and North Atlantic.
Minimum Descent Altitude—During a surveillance radar approach RAF controllers provide
pilots with advisory height information during descent on final for either a 3 or 2-degree glide
path. When clearance is given to descend for the requested glide path, pilots are expected to
maintain the appropriate rate of descent; the clearance to begin descent is NOT a clearance to
descend immediately to the minimum descent altitude (this can be done on a USAF surveillance
approach). The reason for maintaining a rate of descent appropriate to the glide path and not
descending immediately to the minimum descent altitude is an RAF controller can clear other
aircraft to cross the final approach course, provided 500 feet vertical separation is maintained
from aircraft on final.
Minimum Fuel—The RAF does not use the term ―Minimum Fuel‖ as a fuel state. At RAF
airfields, pilots must state fuel remaining in minutes and request priority recovery or declare an
urgent/precautionary situation (―PAN-PAN‖) as necessary.
One (or appropriate number) In—Aircraft in VFR pattern.
One On—Aircraft on runway.
22 USAFEI11-201 29 JANUARY 2007
One On Well Up—Aircraft on runway at far end.
Overshoot—Low approach.
Practice Diversion—Enroute descent to any particular airport requested for practice but not to land.
Precision Glidepath Angle—The RAF, PAR glidepaths are adjustable and will permit either 3
degrees (standard) or any variation between 2 and 5 degrees.
Pressure Setting—Altimeter setting.
Regional Pressure Settings (RPS)—The lowest forecast QNH within a designated altimeter
setting region. It is valid for one hour and forecasted for one hour ahead. It is used as an altitude
pressure datum for aircraft at or below the transition altitude away from an airfield.
Reheat—Afterburner.
Roller—Touch and Go.
Run And Break—Entering initial for a 360 overhead approach.
Runway Approach—PAR or ILS approach.
Runway Visual Range (RVR)—The maximum distance (in meters) in the direction of take-off
or landing at which the runway or the specified lights delineating the runway can be seen from a
position on the center line at a height corresponding to the average eye level of the pilot at
touchdown.
Sortie—One aircraft take off and landing is a sortie. For aircraft formation flights, each aircraft
in the flight flies a sortie.
Stopway—Overrun.
Stud—Radio channel or button.
Talkdown—Precision Approach Radar (PAR) approach.
Three Greens—Landing gear is down and locked.
Transient Aircraft—Aircraft based elsewhere in the UK or overseas staging through a USAF-
occupied RAF base enroute to a final destination. Aircraft on deployment at USAF - occupied
RAF bases are not considered transient aircraft.
Undercarriage—Landing gear.
Unusual Aerial Activity—Flying activity of such magnitude and nature that if conducted in
General Use Airspace without prior notice or coordination, would negatively impact the routine
flying operations of other airspace users. Such unusual aerial activity requires the issuance of an
ACN.
U/S—Unserviceable, for example: ―TACAN is U/S."
Visibility—Measured in meters.
Visual Circuit—Closed traffic pattern.
