Password Based Circuit Breaker Control to Ensure Electric Line Man?s Safety And Load Sharing

Password Based Circuit Breaker Control to

Ensure Electric Line Man’s Safety And Load

Sharing

C.Pearline Kamalini

Assistant professor

Saranathan College of Engineering

A.Kokila

Saranathan College of Engineering

S.Jesimabanu

Saranathan College of Engineering

V.Jayalakshmi

Saranathan College of Engineering

Abstract—The major problem in the power system is the

electrical accidents while repairing the electrical lines due to the

lack of communication between the electrical substation and

maintenance staff. This project gives a solution to this problem to

ensure line man safety. Also the load distribution system has

been proposed in which sharing of the load is done between

village side and city side.

Keywords-circuitbreaker,Manualloadsharing,Voltage

Regulator.

I.INTRODUCTION

Now a days, electrical accidents of the line man are

increasing while repairing the electrical lines due to lack of

communication between the electrical substation and

maintanence staff. This paper gives a solution to this problem

to ensure line man safety. In this proposed system the

control(ON/OFF) of the electrical lines lies with line man.

This paper is arranged in such a way that maintenance staff or

line man has to enter the password to ON/OFF the electrical

line. Now if there is any fault in electrical line then line man

will switch off the power supply to the line by entering the

password and comfortably repair the electrical line, and after

coming to the substation line man switch on the supply to the

particular line by entering the password. Here, there is also a

provision of changing the password. circuit breakers are

actually provided as a means of protection to completely

isolate the downstream network in the event of a fault .

The demand for electrical energy is ever increasing. Today

over 21% (theft apart!!) of the total electrical energy generated

in India is lost in transmission (4-6%)

and distribution (15-18%). The electrical power deficit in the

country is currently about 18%. Electric power is normally

generated at 11-25kV in a power station. To transmit over

long distances, it is then stepped-up to 400kV, 220kV or

132kV as necessary.The demand for electrical energy is ever

increasing , to overcome this problem Load sharing concept is

included. This paper focusing on village side and city side

based on the load demand and the required voltage is

transferred from village side to city side and vice versa.

II.PROBLEM FORMULATION

In the absence of switches at different points in the

distribution network, it is not possible to isolate certain loads

when required. However, the circuit breakers are actually

provided as a means of protection to completely isolate the

downstream network in the event of a fault (short circuit, over

load). Using this as a tool for load management is not

desirable, as it disconnects the power supply to a very large

segment of consumers and blackout over a large section of the

distribution network. As we found that if the power in

industries is disconnect for a minute is stops the production.

So the power in industries should be continues. And when a

line man goes to repair the line then by unknowingly or wrong

intentionally any one can ON the circuit breaker and line man

can be met with fatal accident.

III.BLOCK DIAGRAM

Ic 7805Input supply Step down t/f

Breaker unit’s

Lcd display

Key pad

Rectifier

Village City

Relay:

A relay is an electrically operated use an

electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other

operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays.

Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a

low complete electrical isolation between control and

controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be

controlled by one signal. The first relay long distance

telegraph circuits as amplifiers: they repeated the signal

coming in from one circuit and re transmitted it on another

circuit. Relays extensively in telephone exchanges and early

computers to perform logical operations. A type of relay that

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181

Published by, www.ijert.org

ICONNECT - 2017 Conference Proceedings

Volume 5, Issue 13

Special Issue - 2017

can handle the high power required to directly control an

electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state

relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead

using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays

with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes

multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits

from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems

these functions are performed by digital instruments still

called "protective relays ".

Microcontroller:

The ATmega32 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit

microcontroller based on the AVR RISC architecture. By

executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the

ATmega32 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per

MHz, allowing the system designer to optimize power

consumption versus processing speed. High-performance,

Low-power Atmel AVR 8-bit Microcontroller advanced

RISC Architecture.It have 131 Powerful Instructions, most

single-clock cycle execution.It contains 32 × 8 general

purpose working registers.It is fully static operation.It is up to

16MIPS throughput at 16MHz.It is On-chip 2-cycle

Multiplier.It is high endurance non-volatile memory

segments.It contain 32Kbytes of In-system self-programmable

flash program.The memory has 1024Bytes EEPROM,

2Kbytes Internal SRAM,Write/Erase cycles:10,000

Flash/100,000 EEPROM, Data retention: 20 years at

85°C/100 years at 25°C.It is a optional boot code section with

independent lock bits.In-System Programming by On-chip

Boot Program.It is a True Read-Write Operation.It has a

programming lock for software security.It is an Extensive On-

chip Debug Support.It has Programming of Flash, EEPROM,

fuses and lock bits through the JTAG Interface.It consists of

capacitive touch buttons, sliders and wheels. It is up to 64

sense channels.

LCD Display:

The term liquid crystal is used to describe a substance

in a state between liquid and solid but which exhibits the

properties of both. Molecules in liquid arrange themselves

until they all point in the same specific direction. This

arrangement of molecules enables the medium to flow as a

liquid. Depending on the temperature and particular nature of

a substance, liquid crystals can exist in one of several distinct

phases. Liquid crystals in a nematic phase, in which there is no

spatial ordering of the molecules, for example, are used in

LCD technology. Here this used to display the password

entered by us to ON/OFF the circuit breakers.

Keypad:

HEX keypad is a standard device with 16 keys

connected in a 4x4 matrix, giving the characters 0-9 A-F.

Interfacing of Hex key pad to Atmega32 is essential while

designing embedded system projects which requires character

or numeric input or both. For example projects like digital

code lock, numeric calculator etc. Here we are using this to

enter numeric password for turn ON/OFF the circuit breaker.

This can be easily interface with ant kits Microcontroller

Development Board. It is a four pin tactile switch and four

mounting holes 3.2mm each

IC 7805:

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

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Special Issue - 2017

A voltage regulator is designed to automatically

maintain a constant voltage level. A voltage regulator may use

an electromechanical mechanism, or electronic components.

Depending on design, it may be used to regulate one or more

voltages. 7805 voltage regulating IC is used to provide the

voltage 5V dc.

Transformer:

A transformer is electrical device that transfers the

energy between two circuits through electromagnetic

induction. A transformer may be used as a safe and efficient

voltage converter to change the ac voltage at its input to a

higher or lower voltage at its output. Other uses include

current conversion, isolation with or without changing voltage

and impedance conversion. It can also change the voltage

level (lower to higher) and vice versa.

Capacitor:

A capacitor is an electrical device that can store

energy in the electric field between a pair of closely-spaced

conductors (called 'plates'). When voltage is applied to the

capacitor, electric charges of equal magnitude, but opposite

polarity, build up on each plate. Capacitors are used in

electrical circuits as energy storage devices. They can also be

used to differentiate between high-frequency and low-

frequency signals and this makes them useful in electronic

filters. Capacitors are occasionally referred to as condensers.

This is now considered an antiquated term electrolytic

capacitor. An electrolytic capacitor is a type of capacitor

typically with a larger capacitance per unit volume than other

types, making them valuable in relatively high current and

low-frequency electrical circuits.

Crystal oscillator:

Crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit

that uses mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of

piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very

precise frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep

track of time to provide a stable clock signal for digital

integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio

transmitters and receivers. The most common type of

piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator

circuits incorporating them became known as crystal

oscillator.

Resistor:

A resistor is a passive component that implements

electrical resistance circuit element. Resistors act to reduce

current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels

within circuits. Resistors may have fixed resistances or

variable crystals tend to ne two-terminal electrical as a

resistances, such as those found in thermistors trimmers,

photoresistors and potentiometers. The current through a

resistor is in direct proportion the voltage across the resistor's

terminals. R is the resistance of the conductor in units of ohms

(symbol: Ω). The ratio of the voltage applied across a resistor's

terminals to the intensity of current in the circuit is called its

resistance, and this can be assumed to be a constant

(independent of the voltage) for ordinary resistors working

within their ratings.

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181

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ICONNECT - 2017 Conference Proceedings

Volume 5, Issue 13

Special Issue - 2017

IV.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

V.WORKING

In this paper, the power is distributed over two

sections. First one is supply unit and second one is Breaker

unit. Supply unit is converted into 5v and is given to

microcontroller. During maintenance maintainer may met

with fatal accident. So, for protection of maintainer , relay is

operated by password. This is done with the help of

microcontroller. First of all the password is preset by

programming. When we entered the password by the keypad

if it is matched by preset password then the microcontroller

sends a signal to trip the password based relay. And again

when maintenance is done, password to be enter and if it

matched with preset password, signal is send by

microcontroller and relay ON. Village area and city area run

by separate supply voltage. If the demand needed for either

village or city area based on the available power is sharing

between two area .The load demand is occurred, the

maintainer entering the password to operate the switch the

load will share,otherwise switch is opened.

VI. ADVANTAGES

 Improves Lineman safety

 Electrical accidents can be avoided.

 Easy of operation

 Maintance will be simple.

 Reduced overloading on distribution side.

VII.APPLICATIONS

 It can be used any where in the substation to trip the

circuit.

 Most useful to operate in the public areas.

VIII.CONCLUSION

It can work on given known password and it gives

no scope of password stealing.It ensures the line man safety

and it reduces load demand in the distribution side.There is

also a provision of changing the password.

XI.REFERENCE

[1] T. B. Smith, “Electricity theft: a comparative analysis,” Elsevier

Journal Energy Policy, vol. 32, no. 18, pp. 2067-2076, Dec. 2004.

[2] A. J. Dick, “Theft of electricity-how UK electricity companies

detect and deter,” in proceedings of European Convention on

Security and Detection, pp. 90-95, May 1995.

[3] C.J. Bandim, J.E.R. Alves Jr., A.V. Pinto Jr., F.C. Souza, M.R.B.

Loureiro, C.A. Magalhaes, and F. Galvez-Durand, “Identification

of energy theft and tampered meters using a central observer

meter: a mathematical approach,” in proceedings of IEEE PES

Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, vol. 1,

pp. 163-168, Sept. 2003.

[4] S.S.S.R. Depuru, L. Wang, and V. Devabhaktuni, “A conceptual

design using harmonics to reduce pilfering of electricity,” in

proceedings of IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,

pp. 1-7, Jul. 2010.

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181

Published by, www.ijert.org

ICONNECT - 2017 Conference Proceedings

Volume 5, Issue 13

Special Issue - 2017