Electric Line Man Safety with Password Based Circuit Breaker and

ISSN: 2455-2631 © July 2017 IJSDR | Volume 2, Issue 7

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Electric Line Man Safety with Password Based Circuit

Breaker and Intimation of HT Wire Sag using GSM

Pramod M. Murari,

Mahabal V. Kinnerkar,

Prashant S. Koppa,

Vishal S. Kamble,

Rashmitha R. Mendan

Assistant Professor,

2,3,4,5

Student

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Hirasugar Institute of Technology

Belagavi, India

Abstract—a circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from

damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow.

Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or

automatically) to resume normal operation. When operated manually we see fatal electrical accidents to the line man are

increasing during the electric line repair due to the lack of communication and coordination between the maintenance

staff and the electric substation staff.

In order to avoid such accidents, the breaker can be so designed such that only authorized person can operate it with a

password. This ensures security of the worker because no one can turn on the line without his permission. The system is

fully controlled by the 8 bit microcontroller of 8051 family. The password is stored in an EEPROM, interfaced to the

microcontroller and the password can be changed any time unlike a fixed one burnt permanently on to the

microcontroller. A keypad is used to enter the password and a relay to open or close circuit breaker, which is indicated by

a lamp. Any wrong attempt to open the breaker (by entering the wrong password) an alert will be actuated, indicated by

another LED.

Keywords— OTP, GSM, Circuit breaker; Password, Wireless communication.

1. INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, electrical accidents to the line man are increasing, while repairing the electrical lines due to the lack of

communication between the electrical substation and maintenance staff. This project gives a solution to this problem to ensure

line man safety. In this proposed system the control (ON/OFF) of the electrical lines lies with line man. This project is arranged in

such a way that maintenance staff or line man has to enter the password to ON/OFF the electrical line. Now if there is any fault in

electrical line then line man will switch off the power supply to the line by entering password and comfortably repair the electrical

line, and after coming to the substation line man switch on the supply to the particular line by entering the password.

This system is fully controlled by a microcontroller from the 8051 family. A matrix keypad is interfaced to the

microcontroller to enter the password. The entered password is compared with the password stored in the ROM of the

microcontroller. If the password entered is correct, then only the line can be turned on/off. The activation/deactivation of the

circuit breaker is indicated by a lamp that turns on or off.

Ultra sonic sensors are the devices that use electrical –Mechanical energy transformation to measure to distance from the

sensor to the target object. These sensors are categorized into two types according to their working phenomenon piezoelectric

sensors and electro static sensors. Here we are using the piezoelectric principle.PIR sensors are small, inexpensive, low power,

easy to use and don’t wear out. These sensors allow to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has moved in

or out of the sensors range.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Electric lineman protection using user changeable password based circuit breaker: A circuit breaker is an automatically

operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic

function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a

circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. When operated manually we see fatal

electrical accidents to the line man are increasing during the electric line repair due to the lack of communication and

coordination between the maintenance staff and the electric substation staff. In order to avoid such accidents, the breaker can be

so designed such that only authorized person can operate it with a password. Here, there is also a provision of changing the

password. The system is fully controlled by the 8 bit microcontroller of 8051 family. The password is stored in an EEPROM,

interfaced to the microcontroller and the password can be changed any time unlike a fixed one burnt permanently on to the

microcontroller. A keypad is used to enter the password and a relay to open or close circuit breaker, which is indicated by a lamp.

Any wrong attempt to open the breaker (by entering the wrong password) an alert will be actuated, indicated by another lamp.

ISSN: 2455-2631 © July 2017 IJSDR | Volume 2, Issue 7

IJSDR1707015

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112

Electric line man safety using micro controller with gsm module: Critical electrical accidents to line men are on the rise

during electric line repair due to lack of communication and co-ordination between the maintenance staff and electric substation

Staff. This proposed system provides a solution that ensures safety of maintenance staff, i.e., line man on detecting a fault in

electric line the line man sends sms and the main line is switched off which is again switched on after solving the fault it can also

prove a boon to save power thus it saves the life of lineman working on electric line. The proposed system is fully operated on

microcontroller.

Password based circuit breaker: A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an

electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt

current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or

automatically) to resume normal operation. When operated manually we see fatal electrical accidents to the line man are

increasing during the electric line repair due to the lack of communication and coordination between the maintenance staff and the

electric substation staff. In order to avoid such accidents, the breaker can be so designed such that only authorized person can

operate it with a password. Here, there is also a provision of changing the password. The system is fully controlled by the 8 bit

microcontroller of 16f877A family. The password is stored in an EEPROM, interfaced to the microcontroller and the password

can be changed any time unlike a fixed one burnt permanently on to the microcontroller. A keypad is used to enter the password

and a relay to open or close circuit breaker, which is indicated by a lamp. Any wrong attempt to open the breaker (by entering the

wrong password) an alert will be actuated, indicated by another lamp. Index terms: Resistors, Capacitors, Diodes, Transistors,

Voltage regulator, Rectifier, Microcontroller, EEPROM, Relay, Relay Driver.

3. EXISTING SYSTEM AND PROPOSED SYSTEM

3.1 Existing system

Circuit breakers play a vital role in maintaining system security. Since their malfunctioning could results in further

component outages and may lead to the insecure operating conditions. During maintenance of distribution lines there is a chance

of communication gap between the electric line and sub-station operator or staff. This communication gap may risk life of electric

line man. The control to turn ON/OFF the line lies with the line man only. During maintenance the entire line is turned off this

cause inconvenience to the consumers.

3.1.1 Disadvantages of existing system

1. During maintenance the entire line is turned off this cause inconvenience to the consumers.

2. Improper communication between maintenance staff and substation causes the electrical accidents.

3.2 Proposed System

At present if there is any maintenance work at the distribution the entire line will be turned off which causes

inconvenience to the consumers. The proposed system uses a microcontroller of the 8051 family and a rectified power supply.

When the proposed system is ON the GSM modem will send the message to the receiver. A matrix keypad is interfaced to the

microcontroller to enter a password. The password entered is displayed in the LCD. The entered password is compared with

password stored in the ROM of the microcontroller. If the password entered is correct, then only the line can be turned ON/OFF.

A relay is controlled by a relay driver IC, which is interfaced to the microcontroller also it is interfaced with the GSM modem

.Whenever there is a maintenance work in the main line ,the line can be disconnected only when the password entered will

match with the stored password. The relay ON/OFF operation will be indicated by the LED’s; also it sends a message to the

receiver about the line disconnection. As soon as the maintenance work is finished then line man should enter the same password

as used to disconnect the line earlier.

3.2.1Advantages of proposed system

1. Save the life of line man.

2. User friendly operation of main line.

3. Easy to install and operate.

4. Cost effective.

5. Easy to maintain and repair.

ISSN: 2455-2631 © July 2017 IJSDR | Volume 2, Issue 7

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4. IMPLEMENTATION

Fig.1: Block diagram

Fig. 2: Circuit Diagram

The circuit uses standard power supply comprising of a step down transformer from 12V and 4 diodes forming a bridge

rectifier that delivers pulsating dc which is then filtered by an electrolytic capacitor of about 470μF. 5V power supply circuit is to

be used to provide regulated 5V DC to the controller.

The proposed system uses a microcontroller of the 8051 family and a rectified power supply. When the proposed system

is ON the GSM modem will send the message to the receiver. A matrix keypad is interfaced to the microcontroller to enter a

password. The password entered is displayed in the LCD. The entered password is compared with password stored in the ROM of

the microcontroller. If the password entered is correct, then only the line can be turned ON/OFF. A relay is controlled by a relay

driver IC, which is interfaced to the microcontroller also it is interfaced with the GSM modem .Whenever there is a maintenance

work in the main line ,the line can be disconnected only when the password entered will match with the stored password. The

relay ON/OFF operation will be indicated by the LED’s; also it sends a message to the receiver about the line disconnection. As

soon as the maintenance work is finished then line man should enter the same password as used to disconnect the line earlier.

ISSN: 2455-2631 © July 2017 IJSDR | Volume 2, Issue 7

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The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure a distance between the conductor and the ground level. This sensor generate

high frequency sound wave and evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor .It measures the time interval between

sending the signal and receiving the echo signal to determine the distance between the conductor to the ground. If the distance

between them is below the predetermined limit which is stored in the microcontroller, then it will automatically send a message to

the receiver (mobile) with the help of GSM modem.

The PIR sensor will continuously produce IR radiations, when a warm body like a human or animal passes by sensor

area .it senses the motion of human/animal and sends signal through a buzzer. Then buzzers make a sound and prevent people

from entering the danger zone.

Working of the circuit components is as follows:

PIR Sensor: The PIR (Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a pyro electric device that detects motion by measuring changes in the

infrared (heat) levels emitted by surrounding objects. This motion can be detected by checking for a sudden change in the

surrounding IR patterns. When motion is detected the PIR sensor outputs a high signal on its output pin. This logic signal can be

read by a microcontroller or used to drive a transistor to switch a higher current load .Detection range up to 20 feet away.

Ultrasonic sensor: Ultrasonic sensors (also known as transceivers when they both send and receive, but more generally called

transducers) work on a principle similar to radar or sonar, which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from

radio or sound waves respectively. Active ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is

received back by the sensor, measuring the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the

distance to an object.

Relay: Relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field, which

attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switches positions and they

are double throw (Change over) switches.

GSM Modem: A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a

dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line

while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem requires a SIM

card from a wireless carrier in order to operate.

Keypad: Another major peripheral used in the project. However unlike the LCD, this is an input peripheral. A 4×4 Keypad is

used to input the numbers or string patterns that are all displayed on the LCD. It is also connected directly to the microcontroller.

The keypad settings are configured within the code which is programmed into the microcontroller. It sends an 8 bit binary value

for each button pressed which is processed and converted into a character displayed on the LCD screen.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD): Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays. This means

16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively. The standard is referred to as HD44780U,

which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source (and communicates directly with the LCD.

MAX232: Since the RS232 is not compatible with microcontroller 8051, we need a line driver (voltage converter) to convert the

RS232’s signals to TTL voltage levels that will be acceptable to 8051’s TxD and RxD pins. A MAX232 IC does the same.

Electro-Mechanical Buzzer: A buzzer is in the mechanical form of a small rectangular or cylindrical housing, with electrical

connection for direct mounting on rigid printed circuit. It requires a DC voltage to operate; it should generally be between 3 V and

28 V, depending on the model.

5. HARDWARE AND DESCRIPTION

Power Supply: Section For the working of the system a power supply is needed. The micro controller needs only 5 volt DC for

its working. Therefore the incoming AC will be rectified filtered and regulated by 7805 IC.

Fig.3: Voltage Regulator, Relay, Matrix keypad

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89c51 Microcontroller Chip:The micro controller used for the implementation of this system is ATmega32. It is an 8-bit

microcontroller with 32KB on-chip programmable flash memory. Based on the program stored in the micro controller it will

generate the OTP. And if the passwords are matched or not, it will switches a relay also.

The GSM modem helps to send the generated OTP. OTP generation is the main part of this project. This is done by the micro

controller. The RISC based micro controller consists of four ports. In which port A is dedicated for ADC.

Relay: It is basically a switch based on electromagnetic induction. Here uses a 12V DC SPDT relay. It is normally open and

closes when the OTPS are the same.

Matrix Keypad: Here it is used for entering the password. A 4x4 matrix keypad is used.

LCD Display:For ease of interaction with the user, this system uses an electronic display module. Here a 16x2 LCD is used. This

means in 2 lines it is possible to display 16 characters per line. A 5x8 pixel matrix is used for display one character. Two registers

are associated with an LCD, such as data and command. These modules are preferred since it is easily programmable. For

providing visual assistance to the lineman this module is unavoidable.

Fig.4: LCD Display, GSM modem

GSM MODEM: The Global System for Mobile Communication replaced the first generation analog cellular network. Here it is

used for sending SMS to the user of the system that is the lineman. It is a dedicated modem device that accepts a SIM card and

operates like a mobile phone. When it is used along with the computer, it is possible to communicate over the mobile network.

Using serial communication the generated passwords are sent to the mobile phone of the user. Through the use of AT – attention

commands the GSM modem can be controlled. It consists of an antenna.

MAX 232: For long distance communication parallel data communication is faster. But for this there may be more channels are

necessary. Therefore the cost of the communication system also increases. So here prefer the UART serial communication. Here

the baud rate used for data transmission is 9600. The MAX 232 converts the signals from RS 232 serial port to signals suitable for

use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. It provides a connection between a serial port device to a serial port that uses RS 232

standard.

Fig.5: MAX 232

6. SOFTWARE USED

1. Keil compiler

2. Language: Embedded C

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7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The following steps and snapshots show the prototypeworking scenario and outcomes of this system.

Step1: Display to show Step2: Entering the password Step 3: Entered password

the entered password matched

Fig. 6: Line ON/OFF indicated by Lamp Fig. 7: Overview of the proposed system

8. CONCLUSION

It can work on a single given known password.No other person can reclose the breaker until the stored password is

entered. It gives no scope of password stealing. It is effective in providing safety to the working staff. It is economical and it can

be easily installed. Whenever the HT wire sag is higher than the predetermined range/value then ultrasonic sensor sends a

message to the substation through GSM and intimates the operator about the trouble occurred. PIR sensor provides safety to

human/animal by sensing their presence and alerting through a buzzer.It can be concluded that the proposed system can be used

as an effective application in the present working system and provides safety to lineman and alsocorrective measures can be taken

after HT wire sag intimation.

9. FUTURE WORK

Instead of GSM 300 we can use GSM 900 which can be connected to IOT (internet of things). By using IOT we can

operate the relays from any area as we can directly connect to the server. Wireless ultrasonic and PIR sensors can be also used.

We can use SCADA system, to help easy trouble shoot, to identify the fault location directly and line man can easily rectify it

.we can also use EPROMS that can be interfaced to system so the circuit breaker cannot only operate from the substation ,but also

from other location through wireless communication.

References

[1]. Electric Line Man Safety using Micro Controller with GSM Module IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific

Research & Development| Vol. 4, Issue 01, 2016.

[2]. Electric Line Man Safety System with OTP Based Circuit Breaker IJRET: International Journal of Research in

Engineering and Technology Volume: 04 Special Issue: 03 | INCEPTION-2015.

[3]. “The Microcontroller and Embedded systems” by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice GillispieMazidi, Pearson

Education.